In early 2012, many Legionella bacteria were found in the headquarters of the Newport Government in Hong Kong, which was confirmed to be two samples from the kitchen of the conference hall and the pantry on the third floor of the Legislative Council Complex. The eight employees in the Hong Kong Government Building are basically young adults between the ages of 24 and 42. The test results show that no hospitalization is required, or it may be flu-like. Season change season is the season of high incidence of Legionella. Legionella pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila is a serious condition in atypical pneumonia. The mortality rate without effective treatment is as high as 20%.
Legionella pneumophila is a flagellar, Gram-negative, Legionella genus of polymorphic Pneumococcus. Legionella pneumophila is not acid-fast, spore-free, and capsular, similar to bacillus. Can not decompose gelatin, sugar or urea, can not participate in the glycolysis reaction. Legionella pneumophila is colorless and is not autofluorescent. The oxidase and catalase tests were positive, which was positive for β-lactamase. Obligatory aerobic, can survive for a long time in nature, such as more than 100d in distilled water, one year in sewage, sensitive to heat and general disinfectants. The colony is characterized by grayish white, shiny, moist, round, raised, and has a special odor. Gram staining is not obvious, and it is mostly stained by the silver plating method or Giemsa method.
In 2006, the Ministry of Health promulgated the "Administrative Measures for Hygienic Management of Centralized Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places" and "Sanitary Codes for Centralized Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places", which stipulated that Legionella pneumophila should not be detected in the cooling water and condensate of centralized air conditioning systems "Provisions.
Epidemiological studies have clarified that condensing towers, humidifiers and air ducts are the source of pathogens, and air and aerosols are the vectors of pathogens. Summer and autumn are the most suitable seasons for the growth of Legionella, and the season with the highest incidence.
Detection of Legionella bacteria Legionella bacteria are small, grow slowly, are difficult to detect, and are infectious. They have very high requirements for the operation of detection laboratories and laboratory personnel. Recently, I asked the testing staff to contact the Guangzhou Industrial Microbiology Testing Center to learn about the detection method and process of Legionella pneumophila:
The detection methods for Legionella at home and abroad are mainly based on ISO11731-1: 1998; ISO 11731-2: 2004 (E), "Legionella Detection and Counting" and "Sanitary Management Methods for Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places" The detection steps of the two methods of qualitative testing are roughly the same, basically including the following steps:
1. Sampling and shipping
The sampling container can be a sterile glass bottle, polyethylene bottle or sterile sampling bag, and the mouth or bag mouth can be sealed; the sampling volume is generally around 300-400ml. If chlorine or ozone sterilized water is added, a small amount of sulfur is added after sampling Sodium sulfite solution to neutralize the oxides in the sample; the maximum time for sampling to the laboratory should not exceed 2 days.
2. Sample handling
For samples containing a small amount of Legionella, membrane filtration is generally used to concentrate the concentration of the sample. Samples with impurities can be left to settle or centrifugal filtration to remove, and the samples are heat-treated and acid-treated to reduce the growth of non-legionella.
3. Inoculation and cultivation
Legionella is a unique aerobic gram-negative bacilli, non-capsular, does not grow on ordinary medium, and belongs to intracellular parasites. The current standard medium is activated carbon yeast extract agar plate, also known as legionella growth plate (BCYE). The samples inoculated on the BCYE plate were cultured at a temperature of 35-37ºC for 10 days, and cultured in an environment with a concentration of 2.5% CO2 was more conducive to the growth of Legionella. The colonies of Legionella are usually white, gray, and fluorescent.
4. Identification of Legionella
Pick at least 3 colonies of suspected Legionella to inoculate Legionella growth BCYE plates and cysteine-deficient BCYE-Cys plates, and cultivate at 35-37ºC for at least 5 days. Any growth on BCYE plates and on the plates and The cysteine-deficient BCYE-Cys plate did not grow, and the serologically positive ones were judged as Legionella.
First, the main breeding place for Legionella bacteria-the central air conditioning system, cold and hot water circulation system, condensate dehydration tray, air humidifier, etc. should be cleaned regularly. Regularly replace the cooling water and chilled water to avoid long-term storage water retention, to ensure the cleanliness of the air-conditioning system injection water, if necessary, take disinfection measures such as sterilization and algae killing; regularly clean the air-conditioning cooling tower and pipes, and the central air-conditioning system of large buildings Use disinfectant bacteriostatic agents to clean.
Second, rooms that use air conditioning (including warm air conditioning in winter) should always open windows to ventilate, keep the indoor environment hygienic and air circulation, and purify and sterilize indoor air if possible.
Thirdly, during the use of air conditioning, if there is fever, cough, chest pain, or poor breathing, you should not only consider the "cold", but should seek medical advice in a timely manner, be alert to Legionella. As long as early detection and timely treatment, the effect is better.
About Guangzhou Industrial Microbiology Testing Center
The Guangzhou Industrial Microbiology Testing Center has passed the CNAS laboratory accreditation and Guangdong CMA measurement certification, and has provided testing and consulting services for the domestic water, cooling towers, swimming pool water and other water sources of many star hotels, commercial plazas and enterprises. The Legionella test report was recognized by the National Health Supervision Department.
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