The United States developed high-resolution optical microscopes. American scientists said that using the most advanced high-resolution optical microscopes in the world, they observed the cluster distribution of H2AX proteins in the nucleus and how they moved to the desired place after DNA damage. Genes are "first aid" or repaired. At present, there are many biological processes that cannot be visually observed, because high-resolution electron microscopes often have deviations due to sample preparation problems. Although optical microscopes are easy to prepare and can observe living cells, their resolution is relatively low. However, through proper manipulation of light waves, bioscientists have expanded the capabilities of optical microscopy, successfully developed the 4Pi microscope, and observed the composition of cells, including the internal structure of the nucleus, through it. In the newly published "Journal of the National Academy of Sciences", researcher Jorge Bivasdorf and his collaborators of the Jackson Laboratory Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics in the United States jointly published an article saying that with the help of the 4Pi optical microscope, they observed The reaction of the cell in the case of a rupture of the helix structure, and found a series of verification and repair actions of the intracellular H2AX protein triggered by the DNA double helix structure break (that is, the genetic material is severely damaged). If the cellular components are defective during the repair process, there is a risk of cancer and immune problems, so the intracellular reaction is very important. H2AX is a histone. As structural proteins, they can be wrapped around damaged DNA, and at the same time they have the functions of gene management and gene repair. H2AX can quickly respond to DNA damage and change into γ-H2AX, which is extremely important for coordinated signaling and repair. Using selective staining technology and 4Pi microscope, Bivasdorf also observed that H2AX histones were evenly distributed in the cell nucleus. He believes that this cluster structure may determine the boundary of γ-H2AX corresponding diffusion when DNA breaks. Bivasdorf said: "H2AX cluster distribution may provide a platform for rapid and effective response to DNA damage. In the next step, we will analyze the location of H2AX cluster and its relationship with other nuclear components."
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