Ink: Born in the folk to die in the temple
Manuscript source: "Mr. Fashion"
Editor: Ye Sanliangdong Photography: Old Week Opening, Still Life Photography: Guo Hang Interview / Text: Ye San Lighting, Venue: Hua Mushi Professional Studio Special Acknowledgement: Mr. Feng Dapeng
For thousands of years, the four treasures of the Wenfang are not only part of Chinese culture, but also part of Chinese life. However, today, they are disappearing from the grass and slowly entering the temple. Perhaps in the near future, pen and ink can only be used as a legacy and symbol, in the memory of Chinese civilization.
China's four treasures of the study are well-known around the world, and the entire industry is actually small. At present, the manufacturers of Huimo are concentrated in Jixi County, Tunxi District and Qixian County of Anhui Province. Most of them are the brands of Cao Sugong and Hu Kaiwen in the Qing Dynasty.
Ink: Born in the folk to die in the temple
The old Hukaiwen ink factory in Jixian County is the largest ink production factory in the country, with more than 100 fixed employees. This is an old enterprise, first created in Qianlong years, after more than two hundred years, moved from Nanjing to Qixian after the public-private partnership in 1957. The current director, Zhou Meihong, is 55 years old and is the chief national inheritor of Huiyin's production process. Zhou Meihong's three generations of grandsons are in this factory, and now his son, 28-year-old Zhou Jian, is responsible for the specific operation. In 2007, “Old Hu Kaiwen†applied for the old Chinese brand name, which is also their registered trademark. “Our 匾 has always used the old Hu Kaiwen’s 匾â€, Zhou Jian said, he was born in the old dormitory of the factory.
The most critical aspect of the inkmaking process is the formulation of the ingredients. The ingredients workshop of the old Hu Kaiwen factory is not open to the public. The entire ink-making factory knows only three secret recipes. Zhou Jian said: "This is not a trade secret and belongs to state secrets. The formula is not patented because our industry is relatively old. We rarely sign contracts for doing business, that is, gentleman agreements, verbal agreements, formula patents or application for knowledge protection."
Ink: Born in the folk to die in the temple
As soon as you enter the forming workshop, you will have a strange smell of fragrant smell, which is the special taste of ink-making raw materials - incompletely burned fat and various spices. A few middle-aged Chinese men skillfully smashed, smashed, and pressed the mold... with the sound of the squeaking of wet ink from the mold, like an industrial dance.
In fact, in addition to replacing the carbon furnace for the wet ink insulation with the electric furnace, all the tools here have been passed down directly from the handicraft industry, and have not changed for hundreds of years. Zhou Jian, who masters the secret recipe, does not make ink. He said: "Ink can only be handmade, it is too hard, and young people don't love learning." The workers in this workshop have more than 20 years of ink-making experience. .
Ink: Born in the folk to die in the temple
The old Hu Kaiwen ink factory produces 60 tons of ink blocks per year, with sales of 5 million yuan, accounting for about 70% of the total output of Huizhou. In the past, 70% of exports to Japan, the proportion of domestic sales in the past few years has gradually increased, has reached 60%. Zhou Jian said: "The standard of living has improved and everyone has begun to pay attention."
Hu Kaiwen products are mainly sold to dealers, and occasionally sold to tourists who come here. Another market is fixed-print ink. "Fixed ink is a specially designed mold," Zhou Jian said. "Many of the famous artists are famous." The fan of Fan Zeng was sold for more than 100 yuan. A few days ago, the local leader gave his father a life of eighty, and made two fixed-cut inks. The front and back were all inscribed with the treasures of the old man. Zhou Jian did not say how much the two inks were.
Ink: Born in the folk to die in the temple
The old Hu Kaiwen ink factory was built in the residential area of ​​the old town of Jixian. Several two-story small buildings were built on the mountain. The walls were white and gradually turned grayish black downwards. For example, the ink of a small freehand landscape has not yet dried up. It can be seen that the building has long been old.
Almost no young people in the ink factory are working, and the old workers who are still working on the average can earn about 3,000 yuan a month, which is a good income in the local area. Zhou Jian said that the operation of the ink factory is generally the same, so many people buy ink, but the cost is getting higher and higher.
In the past, the ink was a farmer's by-product. The mountain cut a few trees to burn it. Now, the local pines in Jixian have restricted cutting, and the pine can not be used in the northeast pine with less turpentine. The ink factory can only go to Jiangxi and Fujian collects pine wood, and transportation is also a cost. Director Zhou Meihong is not optimistic about the prospects of the factory. He said that the raw materials in this industry are scarce, and the inheritance of the craft is no one. In the future, it will be "born in the folk and died in the temple."
Ink: Born in the folk to die in the temple
In addition to the old Hu Kaiwen, there are countless large and small ink factories in Qixian County, such as “Cao Su Gongmin Nan's Ink Factory†and “Deji Hu Kaiwen Ink Factoryâ€... The brand looks big, in fact, most of them belong to the small workshop scale, a dozen Workers are not produced on a regular basis. The locals know a lot about ink technology, and every family has a few old inks.
Old ink, the ink produced in the 1970s and 1980s, is recognized to be of better quality than the current production. In particular, the quality of the final export inks ordered by Japanese merchants during that period was superior. Because of the early suspension of production, the price of this ink is very high, and it can be found in small shops in Hong Kong, Taiwan and other places - most of them are brought by the owner from the mainland.
Zhou Jian said: "Now, there are no good pines, good musk and good borneol. The raw materials are different. It is like a pig that has been stocked for one year and a pig that grows up for three months in a pig farm. It tastes different." Similarly, Exquisite template engraving is also not available today.
Going to the Yin County Ink Factory to buy ink, the locals often strongly recommend new inks that are cheaper. Customers insist that they will take out the old ink and say, "There is no sale." The price of new ink is between 10 yuan and 100 yuan one or two. In the 1980s, the old ink expensive can sell hundreds of pieces one or two. The earlier inks are not sold according to two. Open the old brocade box, scent the nose, and the delicate ink blocks are covered with dust.
"The best inks are hundreds of years old," said Zhou Meihong. "In the Forbidden City." He holds Zhou Jian's daughter in his arms. In the future, this two-year-old girl is the descendant of the old Hu Kaiwen ink-making secret recipe.
Ink: Born in the folk to die in the temple
Craftsmanship
Tobacco extraction: scrape the residue from the incomplete combustion of wood or vegetable oil. At present, pine smoke is used for pine smoke, and industrial fumes that are burnt with heavy oil after refining oil are the most.
Boiler: Put the hard and hard concentrated rubber sheet in the pot and boil it into a liquid glue to reach the standard concentration, and filter out the impurities in the glue. The glue and ink smoke are then mixed into an ink paste.
æ£å’Œ: After the uniform ink paste is cooled, the glue is thick, and the smoke powder and the glue are not easy to be evenly tempered. Therefore, it is necessary to use smashing or hand-pushing, and the ink produced will not become soft or cracked.
Forming and trimming: take a large piece of plain ink, take a small piece, add handcuffs, adjust the amount according to the wood mold, put it in the mold, then set the upper and lower molds, and then press hard, then press Can be taken apart and taken out.
Naturally dry: After all the ink sticks have been trimmed, put them on the bamboo basket or charcoal, and turn them every one or two days to keep the ink sticks straight and prevent deformation.
Coloring gold: The color and color of the pattern and text printed on the ink.
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