The sofa is one of the most important furniture in the house. When many families move into a new home, they will consider buying a comfortable sofa. A recent study by Duke University in the United States reminded everyone that when buying a sofa, in addition to considering comfort, it should also consider its flame retardancy - researchers at Duke University have found that many sofa foams contain The flame retardant can cause cancer, cause hormonal imbalance, low fertility, etc. It will also affect the brain development of infants and young children, reduce their IQ and cause ADHD.
Between 1985 and 2010, 85% of the sofas in the US market contained toxic flame retardants.
According to US media reports, Professor Stapleton of the Department of Environmental Chemistry at Duke University and her partner collected sofas purchased from all over the United States between 1985 and 2010, 94% of which were purchased after 2005, and more than 100 kinds of polyurethanes were obtained. A sample of foam (a commonly used filling material for sofas). Of these samples, 85% contained flame retardants that are harmful to human health.
The harmful flame retardants referred to by Professor Stapleton are mainly for two chemicals -
One is Tris (trishydroxymethylaminomethane), a chlorine-containing carcinogenic flame retardant that has been banned for use in infant and toddler clothing since 1977 due to its potential health risks, but in furniture such as sofas. There are still no specific regulations. “More than 40% of the sofa fillers detected Tris,†Professor Stapleton said.
The second chemical is PentaBDEs (pentabromodiphenyl ether). “A large number of studies have shown that brominated flame retardants can penetrate into the environment and accumulate in living organisms over time; they can be said to be almost pervasive, including air, soil, sediments, wild animals, human blood, According to the existing research, brominated flame retardants have been proven to destroy endocrine activity, affect the regulation of thyroid function, and even affect brain development; especially the excessive exposure of pregnant women will directly lead to the birth weight of newborn babies is too low, IQ is biased Low and impaired behavior,†Professor Stapleton said. Because of this, after 2005, some US manufacturers began to voluntarily abandon this flame retardant, which has been banned in 23 states across the United States. Most developed countries have also abandoned brominated flame retardants. According to the sofa samples collected by Duke University from all over the United States, as long as the sofas purchased in the United States after 2005, no bromine-based flame retardant components were found.
"But don't be too happy. Although the bromine-based flame retardant was not found in the sofa after 2005, it still contains Tris flame retardant. There are two more chemicals that are not identifiable and have not been tested safely. ."
Professor of Chemistry, Zhejiang University: Flame retardant is less volatile and slower, and the room is as much ventilation as possible.
Someone here will ask, what if I buy a flame retardant furniture?
"At present, the domestic testing of the concentration of flame retardants in the air is still lack of technical means, and only the furniture components can be tested, but it has to be broken. This is obviously not feasible for the family." Guo Weiqiang, a professor of chemistry at Zhejiang University, said.
Will the flame retardant in the furniture be like formaldehyde, which will not evaporate for ten years?
"In the case of formaldehyde, not all indoor formaldehyde requires a decade of evaporation, depending on its processing technology. Formaldehyde, which is heat-cured in furniture sheets, has a longer evaporation period. The formaldehyde in paints and other coatings is only Applying on the surface of the wall, the volatilization is faster, and it can be fully volatilized within one year. Similarly, if it is a fireproof wooden floor, it is generally treated with paint or impregnated paper as the veneer material. This volatilization is faster. If the mattress or the core of the sofa contains a flame retardant, the volatilization will be relatively slow, and the specific length is difficult to estimate because it has not been experimentally demonstrated."
Professor Guo said that the research at Duke University in the United States is a reminder to everyone, but it is not too scary to read.
"Whether it causes health injury depends on many aspects. The first depends on the concentration of flame retardant. In terms of the current penetration rate of flame retardant in China, the concentration of air in ordinary home environment should be low, and flame retardant. The agent volatilizes slowly, and the amount of volatilization itself is relatively small; the second depends on the variety of the flame retardant. The bromine-based flame retardant is an organic flame retardant, which is easy to volatilize and has a large damage. China has begun to gradually restrict it. However, if it is a phosphorus-containing inorganic flame retardant, its volatilization and damage will be much smaller."
Professor Guo Weiqiang put forward two specific suggestions -
First, the room should be as ventilated as possible. “For air pollutants, ventilation is the simplest and most versatile method. It can directly reduce the concentration of pollutants. As long as the outdoor air is good, it can be closed at night during the winter and open 24 hours in the summer.
Second, some people have the habit of using electric blankets in winter. If you buy a flame-retardant mattress, it will speed up the evaporation of the flame retardant in the mattress, and the volatile flame retardant particles are likely to be directly attached to the electric blanket or cotton. It is used (cotton is a good absorbent). Therefore, if you use electric blankets in winter, you should take the electric blankets more and take them out, and the quilts will be more exposed to the sun.
Research from Duke University in the United States reminds us that in the future, in addition to formaldehyde, in addition to formaldehyde, we must ask if they contain no flame retardant.
Add no flame retardant, this is a safe VS health issue
Koller, a mother of two children in California, said that she was very careful when she was preparing for pregnancy. She was heavily guarded from paint, wood and toys to ensure her children's healthy growth. Koller dismantled the sofa in the house, made a burning test with a sponge, and "firmed" for 12 seconds in a small fire. "I really didn't expect the sofa to have problems. According to the published research report, my sofa purchased in 2005 is obviously a trick."
Why do manufacturers add flame retardants to their sofas?
This is due to fire protection requirements. According to the Technical Bulletin No. 117 of California, all furniture for home use must be able to have a flame retardant capacity of more than 12 seconds in a small open flame. Although the communique comes from California, because California's fire protection standards have always been in the leading position in the United States, it has been used in the national furniture technology standards a few years later.
For Duke’s research report, the American Chemistry Committee immediately published a written statement denying the link between flame retardants and physical health: “Duke’s research report does not give examples of flame retardants. The relevant data is not listed, so it does not directly indicate that the flame retardant in the sofa is harmful to health."
In an interview with CNN, their spokesperson also said: "In fact, this study shows that manufacturers strictly comply with the technical bulletin standards to help the sofa flame retardant and protect the safety of home users."
But consumers think the American Chemistry Council’s statement has nothing to offer: “Even if this is a multiple choice question about safety and health, I think most people would rather choose health because it’s all relevant and always relevant, though It doesn't hurt directly like a car accident, but toxic substances are like formaldehyde. Isn't it all known as stealth killers?"
Erika Schreder, medical director of the Washington Toxicology Alliance, said: "It is worth reminding that these toxic chemical flame retardants are not fixed in the sponge filler. They will escape into the air and adhere to the dust, directly from our The respiratory system inhales into the body."
Erika said she has begun to communicate with state legislators and recommends more specific safety regulations for flame retardants.
China also has flame retardant sofas and mattress sales.
So, does China have flame retardant requirements for furniture such as sofas?
In the past two days, the reporter visited a number of furniture markets. Many American and European high-end furniture stores said that they sell flame-retardant furniture, and some stores use flame retardant as one of the selling points.
“There are not many customers who ask for the flame retardant performance of the sofa like you. Most consumers don’t care about this. But to be honest, most of the sofas produced in the factory meet the EU flame retardant standards because we have 85% of the orders. It is an export order," said the manager of an American furniture brand store.
A mattress merchant in Hangzhou said that even if the mattress they sold was on fire, it would burn out for a while. "This is not an exaggeration of publicity. After adding a flame retardant, it can indeed achieve such an effect. As for which kind of flame retardant is used, it is not clear because it is not tested in China at present," the merchant said.
However, from the publicly available information, brominated flame retardants that have been abandoned in many countries are still in use in our country. In August 2013, the 8th China International Flame Retardant Materials Technology Exhibition will be held in Shanghai. The exhibits released by the official website of the exhibition will contain bromine-based flame retardants. Looking back at the previous exhibitions, bromine-based flame retardants are also listed.
Tang Yuxun, director of the Center for Furniture Product Quality Inspection at the Institute of Furniture and Hardware, said that there is no flame retardant standard for household software furniture in China.
There are two standards related to flame retardants in China today -
First, this year's new standard for hazardous materials for plastic furniture, GB28481-2012, will be officially implemented in July next year. This standard gives specific limits for the use of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), which are not limited to 1000 mg per kilogram.
The second is GB20286-2006 "Combustion Performance Requirements and Labels for Flame Retardant Products and Components in Public Places" formulated by the Ministry of Public Security in 2006. This standard is mainly for the flame retardant performance of products in public places (including sofas), such as hotels, hotels, etc. Sofa, mattress, etc. “Furniture for these public spaces is currently only required to test its flame retardant properties, and there is no limit or banned testing program for brominated flame retardants.â€
Director Tang said that the addition of flame retardants in furniture has always been a trend in the European and American furniture industry. There are also many voices in the country that call for the country to introduce flame retardant standards. However, with the introduction of a series of environmental protection policies in Europe and America, flame retardants have been in recent years. Development has been restricted, and categories have been further screened. The future development of flame retardant products should be a balance between fire protection and environmental protection.
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