The classification principle of laser rangefinder by Hengaode instrument
The laser rangefinder is an instrument that uses a parameter of the modulated laser to measure the distance to the target. According to the distance measurement method, it is divided into phase method distance meter and pulse method distance meter. Pulse laser distance meter is to emit a beam or a sequence of short pulse laser beams to the target while working, and the laser light reflected by the target is received by the photoelectric element Beam, the timer measures the time from the laser beam to the receiver, and calculates the distance from the observer to the target. The phase method laser range finder uses the phase difference that occurs when the emitted light and the reflected light propagate in space to detect the distance. The laser rangefinder is light in weight, small in size, easy to operate, fast and accurate, and its error is only one fifth to one hundredth of other optical rangefinders. The figure on the left is a typical phase method rangefinder And pulse rangefinder
Introduction
The laser rangefinder is an instrument that uses a certain parameter of the modulated laser to accurately measure the distance of the target. The pulsed laser range finder emits a beam or a short sequence of pulsed laser beams to the target during operation. The photoelectric element receives the reflected laser beam from the target. The timer measures the time from the launch to the reception of the laser beam, and calculates The distance from the instrument to the target.
When the power of the emitted laser beam is sufficient, the range can reach about 40 kilometers or even further. The laser rangefinder can operate day and night, but when there is a substance with a high laser absorption rate in the space, the distance and accuracy of the range measurement will decrease.
The world's first laser was first developed by the American Hughes Aircraft Company's scientist Mayman in 1960, and successfully developed a ruby ​​laser [1]. The US military soon carried out research on military laser devices on this basis. In 1961, the first military laser range finder passed the demonstration test by the US military, after which the laser range finder quickly entered a practical stage.
As the price of laser rangefinders continues to decrease, the industry has gradually begun to use laser rangefinders. A number of new types of micro rangefinders with advantages of fast ranging, small size, and reliable performance have appeared at home and abroad, which can be widely used in industrial measurement and control, mines, ports and other fields.
Laser is a new technology developed in the sixties. It is a light with very pure color, highly concentrated energy and good directivity. Laser distance meter is a kind of instrument that uses laser to measure distance. Its working principle is simple: measure the distance by measuring the time from when the laser starts to emit when the laser reflects back from the target. For example, using a laser rangefinder to measure the distance of the moon, if the time from the start of the laser to the reflection from the moon is measured to be 2.56 seconds, the one-way time from the laser to the moon is equal to 1.28 seconds, and the speed of the laser is the speed of light, which is equal to 300,000 kilometers per second. Therefore, the measured distance of the moon from the earth is the product of one-way time and the speed of light, that is, 384,000 kilometers. In order to emit and receive laser light, and to time it, the laser rangefinder consists of a laser transmitter, receiver, clock frequency oscillator, and distance counter.
The laser rangefinder can also be used to track and measure the satellite, measure the flying height of the aircraft, aim and measure the target, and perform topographic surveying and surveying.
principle
1. The principle of using infrared distance measurement or laser distance measurement
The principle of distance measurement can basically be reduced to the time required to measure the light to and from the target, and then the distance D is calculated by the speed of light c = 299792458m / s and the atmospheric refractive index n. Because it is difficult to directly measure the time, it is usually to determine the phase of the continuous wave, which is called a phase measuring rangefinder. Of course, there are also pulse rangefinders.
It should be noted that the phase measurement is not to measure the phase of infrared or laser, but to measure the phase of the signal modulated on the infrared or laser. There is a hand-held laser distance meter in the construction industry, which is used for house measurement. The working principle is the same.
2. The object plane must be perpendicular to the light
Usually, precision ranging requires total reflection prisms, and the rangefinder used for house measurement is directly measured with a smooth wall reflection, mainly because the distance is relatively close, and the signal strength reflected by the light is large enough. It can be known from this that it must be vertical, otherwise the return signal is too weak and the precise distance cannot be obtained.
3. Can measure the plane of the object as diffuse reflection
Usually it is also possible. In actual engineering, a thin plastic plate will be used as the reflective surface to solve the problem of serious diffuse reflection.
4. The entertainment method products of the pulse laser rangefinder can reach the display accuracy of 1 meter, the measurement accuracy is ± 1 meter, the measurement accuracy of the measurement-grade products is 0.1 meter, and the measurement accuracy is ± 0.15 meters.
5. The accuracy of the phase laser rangefinder can reach 1 mm error, suitable for various high-precision measurement applications
classification
The laser range finder is divided into handheld laser range finder and telescope type laser range finder.
1. Handheld laser rangefinder: The measuring distance is generally within 200 meters, and the accuracy is about 2mm. This is currently the most widely used laser rangefinder. In addition to being able to measure distance functionally, it is also generally possible to calculate the volume of the measured object.
2. Cloud service laser rangefinder: Real-time transmission of the measurement data from the laser rangefinder to mobile terminals such as mobile phones and tablets via Bluetooth; data can be transmitted to the cloud server through wifi networking, and real-time sharing of measurement with remote construction partners data.
3. Telescope-type laser rangefinder: The measurement distance is relatively long, and the general measurement range is about 3.5 meters to 2000 meters. There are also rangefinder telescopes with a maximum range of about 10 kilometers. Due to the collimation requirements of the rangefinder telescope, the distance is below 3.5 meters. For blind areas, laser telescopes larger than 2000 meters are generally used
The YAG laser has a wavelength of 1.064 microns. In order to achieve a larger measurement range, the laser power is larger. It is recommended that users pay attention to laser protection.
The main application range is outdoor medium and long distance measurement.
use
Laser rangefinders are widely used in terrain surveys, battlefield surveys, tanks, airplanes, ships and artillery ranging from targets to measure the height of clouds, airplanes, missiles and artificial satellites. It is an important technical equipment to improve the accuracy of high tanks, aircraft, ships and artillery. As the price of laser range finder continues to decrease, the industry has gradually begun to use laser range finder, which can be widely used in industrial measurement and control, mining, port and other fields.
Shop
Some points to consider when choosing a rangefinder:
1. Measuring range
2. Measurement accuracy
3. The occasion of use
Basically divided into the following situations:
a) Only need to measure the distance within a few meters or ten meters,
And the accuracy requirements are not high. Suggestion-"Ultrasonic distance meter" can be selected.
Remarks-The measurement effect of the ultrasonic rangefinder is greatly affected by the environment, and its stability and directivity are worse than those of the laser rangefinder, but the price is relatively cheap and suitable for indoor measurement.
b) The measurement distance is not long, and it is mostly used indoors, with high accuracy requirements.
Suggestion-"Handheld laser distance meter as shown on the left" can be purchased.
Remarks—The handheld laser rangefinder is most suitable for indoor use. The measurement accuracy and results are very good. When measuring outdoors, the accuracy of the handheld laser rangefinder drops significantly due to the impact of outdoor light pollution.
(If the user needs to detect in an outdoor environment, it is recommended to use a professional laser sight and a reflective plate to use it in combination to achieve the expected range and effect.)
Note: The continuous output laser used by the laser rangefinder is visually in the red spectral range. When the eyes are looking directly, it may cause irreversible damage to the eyes.
c) The measurement distance is far, and it is mostly used for outdoor use.
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