Printing materials can be divided into two categories: paper materials and non-paper materials.
Paper material 1, newsprint
The letterpress ink for news printing is a very thin, low viscosity, very good ink; its flow performance depends on the speed of the printer, the higher the speed, the better the fluidity should be. This is because newsprint is the lowest grade paper in the paper. Its structure is loose, the paper fibers are open, have not been calendered, are very soft, and are very absorbent. News ink contains almost no binder, and its drying is completely absorbed by osmotic drying. Due to the low amount of binder, the pigments printed on the paper are easily wiped off. Press printing has now been replaced by letterpress printing as web offset printing. More advanced flexographic printing has also been used in press printing, and water-based inks have been used extensively in flexographic printing.
2, coated paper and surface treated paper
In magazines, books, catalogs, trade journals, and special-purpose prints, high-quality surface-treated paper is always used. There are several ways to treat the surface of the paper. Gluing is one of the methods. Glued paper It becomes very smooth, which reduces its absorption of the ink; the paper can also be glazed, these are coated paper. For embossing and sheetfed offset printing, the thickness of the ink film printed on the coated paper should be thicker than the non-coated paper, and the viscosity of the ink should be a little larger. The final drying of the ink film is mainly achieved by the oxidized conjunctiva. When a web press prints on coated paper, it is required to use a fast-drying type ink. At the same time, the dry ink of the oxidized conjunctiva is gradually replaced by a thermosetting ink. The thermosetting ink heats the ink film to make the solvent in the ink film. Rapid evaporation completes drying.
3, non-coated paper
The quality of uncoated paper varies, and the ink used must also meet the requirements of various papers. It is usually printed with a sticky ink, but is thinner than the ink used for coated paper. The drying method is based on penetration absorption and oxidized conjunctiva.
4, cardboard
Cardboard is usually used for paper boxes, cartons, printed packaging, hardcover covers, and so on. The printing ink used on paperboard requires good fluidity and low viscosity, and can withstand the impact of mechanical forces such as collisions and friction during handling. Printing on paperboard can use all the printing methods previously described: dry embossing or offset printing of oxidized conjunctivas, infiltration and volatilization drying gravure printing or flexographic printing.
5, some other paper
(1) Cellophane Cellophane is widely used in food packaging, like chocolate, baked goods, and other food packages that are oily and sensitive to moisture. Cellophane printing is usually done with flexographic or gravure printing.
(2) Decorative papers such as wrappings, wallpapers, paper made garments and fabrics, etc. can be printed by flexographic printing, gravure printing and screen printing.
(3) The surface of the kraft paper kraft paper is porous and not smooth, and the kraft paper printing can be printed in flexographic or relief printing to provide a faster drying speed of the ink to meet the high-speed operation of the printer.
Non-paper substrates
1, plastic film
The rapid development of the packaging industry has led to the use of a wide variety of plastic films in the printing industry. These films have little difference in appearance, but their chemical composition and properties can vary greatly. When printing a plastic film, it is determined which ink is selected for printing based on the sample of the film, the type of printer, the printing speed, and the use of the final print. Since the film always contains a plasticizer, it is necessary to consider whether the binder in the ink will dissolve it, causing the phenomenon that the plasticizer is transferred to the ink film. If this happens, the ink film may be softened or may be printed. The printed plastic film was stuck together during the process. Since the surface of the plastic film is smooth and non-porous, and is usually printed in a roll, the requirement of the ink is that the ink film can be dried immediately under slight warming. Therefore, inks containing low boiling point solvents are widely used because they provide the desired drying speed.
The types of films include cellophane, polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene), polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, nylon, polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyester, etc. In the past, most of them were printed with solvent-based inks. Many water-based inks are now used; for some long prints, gravure printing is also used.
Celluloid is a kind of transparent soft cellulosic film. In order to resist moisture and grease, it is usually coated with various coating layers.
Polyethylene and polypropylene films are petrochemical products. They are very soft, thermoplastic transparent films. The ink is hard to attach to the untreated surface. Corona discharge can be used to improve surface adhesion. It is usually printed by flexo printing, gravure printing or screen printing.
2, metal foil and metal
Commonly used foils are lead foils, usually coated with shellac or cellulose acetate, to increase the adhesion of the ink, which is usually also done by gravure printing and screen printing.
3, iron and aluminum skin metal iron and aluminum skin metal printing is usually carried out with lithographic offset printing, some metal printing can also be screen printing.
4, ceramics and glass
Ceramics and glass are usually printed by a screen printing method, and after the printing is performed in an oven at a temperature of about 1000° C., the pigment can be melted and adhered to the surface.
The above list is not all the substrate materials that can be encountered in the printing industry. Therefore, the specific substrate materials must be specifically analyzed in the printing process to determine the printing process and the printing ink needed to obtain high quality. The prints.
Source: China Printing Purchasing Network
Hotel furniture refers to various types of furniture used in hotels, including hotel room furniture, public area furniture, restaurant furniture, etc. According to different functions and usage locations, hotel furniture can be divided into the following categories:
1. Hotel room furniture: Hotel room furniture refers to various furniture used in hotel rooms, including beds, bedside tables, wardrobes, desks, dressing tables, chairs, etc. The design of guest room furniture should focus on comfort and practicality, while also considering aesthetics and environmental friendliness. The material of guest room furniture is usually high-quality wood or board, and finely processed and decorated to enhance the comfort and luxury of the guest room.
2. Public area furniture: Public area furniture refers to various furniture used in hotel public areas, including lobby furniture, conference room furniture, rest area furniture, etc. The design of furniture in public areas should focus on practicality and aesthetics, while also considering pedestrian flow and functional requirements. Durable materials such as metal, glass, and leather are usually chosen for furniture in public areas to improve its lifespan and wear resistance.
3. Restaurant furniture: Restaurant furniture refers to various furniture used in hotel restaurants, including dining tables, chairs, bars, wine cabinets, etc. The design of restaurant furniture should focus on comfort and aesthetics, while also considering the style and atmosphere of the restaurant. Restaurant furniture is usually made of durable materials such as solid wood, stainless steel, and plastic for easy cleaning and maintenance.
Overall, the classification of hotel furniture is based on its function and place of use. Different types of hotel furniture vary in design, material selection, and manufacturing techniques, but they all emphasize comfort, practicality, and aesthetics. The selection of hotel furniture should be based on the hotel's style and needs to enhance customer satisfaction and the hotel's image.
Business Chair,Leisure Chairs,Dining Chairs,Banquet Chair
Foshan Shengshi Zhihui Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.sshotelfurniture.com