Because the risk factors of different printing jobs are not exactly the same, Bisheng.com will divide you into different printing jobs to interpret the dangers in printing.
1. Attention factors of offset workers at work
1. Ink
(1) Traditional solvent-based inks: solvent-based inks are composed of pigments, binders, solvents, fillers and auxiliary agents. The solvents used are mainly organic solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, and ethers. Most of these solvents It is toxic and will contaminate the packaged food, medicine and cosmetics; it is volatile and has a strong pungent odor, affecting the health of workers; organic solvents are flammable and explosive, and there are hidden production safety hazards. The xylene in the ink is harmful to the kidneys, hiding in stains and detergents. Therefore, it is best to wear a mask when you work, to avoid inhaling the toxic substances volatile from the ink, and to participate in outdoor activities outside of work to increase the body's resistance. If possible, it is recommended to put some red zygomatic flowers in the plant area to absorb xylene, toluene and ammonia present in chemical fibers, solvents and paints.
(2) UV curing ink: In general, uv coating and uv glue are not harmful to the human body after curing is complete, but in the production process, because they will use a small amount of volatile and toxic dilution monomers, it is easy to The human body causes some damage, but compared with the previous solvent-based products, the degree of harm has been greatly reduced. For example, trimethylol triacrylate (TMPTA) is a commonly used diluting monomer in UV products, and it also has very little volatility, but due to its large molecular weight and low volatility, it is more volatile than toluene and benzene. Is much less volatile, so people are less likely to be affected by the respiratory system. However, once the human body is in contact with the material, it will last for a longer period of time, making UV products have a greater impact on the skin than solvent-based materials. In addition, many types of acrylates are used in large amounts in UV materials. Long-term exposure to this substance can easily lead to human allergies and allergic reactions. Basically, all chemicals are toxic, whether they are solvent-based products or uv products. Therefore, we must remember to wash your hands after other operations to prevent toxins from entering your mouth with your hands. .
2. Fountain solution
The fountain solution is a necessary condition to ensure the formation of a hydrophilic salt layer on the blank part of the printing plate. At present, the alcohol dampening system is commonly used on offset presses, and isopropyl alcohol is one of the additives of the dampening solution. Compared with the traditional water dampening system, this dampening method can greatly reduce the amount of water, and avoid paper deformation and excessive emulsification of ink caused by excessive water, thereby greatly improving the printing effect. However, due to the alcohol vapor produced by the evaporation of isopropanol is toxic and has a bad smell, it will have a harmful effect on human health. Many developed countries require that the threshold of isopropanol in the workplace is only 200-400 per cubic meter In addition, isopropyl alcohol emissions can also pollute the environment. Isopropyl alcohol is a photochemical oxidant. Like other trace gases present near the ground, it can form ozone when exposed to sunlight, resulting in the so-called "summer smog" phenomenon. Photochemical smog can irritate people's eyes and respiratory system, endanger people's health and plant growth. And ozone will strongly stimulate people's respiratory tract, causing sore throat, chest tightness, cough, bronchitis and emphysema; it will cause people's nerve poisoning, dizziness, headache, vision loss, and memory loss, which will play a role in vitamin E The destructive effect causes the skin to wrinkle and appear black spots. Ozone also destroys the body's immune function, induces lymphocyte chromosome changes, accelerates aging, and causes pregnant women to have deformities.
2. Attention factors of gravure workers at work
Solvent hazard
It is relatively better for gravure printing plants to use water-based ink. If it is a solvent-based ink, it will pose a greater health threat to the printing staff. The choking solvents can easily cause employees to inhale, ingest or percutaneously absorb certain harmful substances, including benzene, irritate the skin and mucous membranes, and pose a threat to the central nervous system. Inhalation of higher concentrations in a short time will cause obvious irritation symptoms of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, conjunctival and pharyngeal congestion, dizziness, and nausea. In severe cases, there may be restlessness, convulsions, and coma. Long-term exposure can cause neurasthenia syndrome, hepatomegaly, dry skin, chapped skin, dermatitis, and abnormal menstruation of female workers. The following are the types, identification methods and corresponding hazards of the gravure solvent of Bisheng.com:
Hexane: colorless, transparent, slightly odorous liquid, low toxicity, which contains a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfide impurities are relatively toxic, a large amount of inhalation has an anesthetic effect, can stimulate the skin and mucous membranes.
Benzene: colorless and transparent liquid with aromatic odor and strong toxicity. In acute poisoning, the human body will appear anesthetized, dilated pupils, omentum bleeding, pale skin, decreased body temperature and blood pressure, weak pulse, and eventually died of respiratory paralysis spasm; chronic poisoning will cause hematopoietic dysfunction and cause pernicious anemia , Leukopenia, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and other symptoms; the liquid has a degreasing effect and can be absorbed through the skin and poisoned, so direct contact with the skin should be avoided.
Toluene: colorless transparent liquid, unique aromatic odor, low toxicity. Toluene has a stronger effect on the central nervous system than benzene. Long-term inhalation of low-concentration toluene vapor will cause chronic poisoning, causing symptoms such as loss of appetite, fatigue, decreased white blood cells, anemia, etc., and certain damage to the liver and kidney; it can be absorbed through the skin Therefore, it should avoid direct contact with the skin; it can promote the premature delivery of pregnant women, fetal malformations (multi-finger, single finger, spina bifida, and no brain, etc.), congenital central nervous system and heart disease.
Xylene: It is a colorless and transparent liquid with a unique odor of aromatic hydrocarbons, sometimes it emits weak fluorescence and low toxicity. It is less toxic to humans than benzene and toluene, but it is more irritating to skin and mucous membranes than benzene, and it has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. In addition to damaging the mucous membranes and stimulating the respiratory tract, high-concentration xylene vapor can also cause the human body to die due to excitement, anesthesia, and bloody pulmonary edema.
Ethanol: Commonly known as alcohol, colorless transparent liquid, with a special aromatic smell, slightly toxic anesthetic. It has a slight stimulating effect on the eye mucosa; drinking ethanol in a small amount can speed up human blood circulation, stimulate appetite, promote gastric juice secretion, which is conducive to food absorption; drinking a large amount of ethanol can paralyze the central nervous system and motor reflex of the human body, exercise disorders, and unconscious Symptoms such as gastritis, indigestion, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, pancreas and heart disease.
Isopropyl alcohol: colorless liquid, unique aromatic odor, slightly toxic. The toxicity and anesthesia and the stimulating effect on the upper respiratory tract mucosa are stronger than ethanol, which can be absorbed through the skin but has no accumulation in the body.
Acetone: colorless liquid, irritating and mint smell, low toxicity. Mainly has anesthesia effect on the central nervous system, can cause headache, dazzling, vomiting and other symptoms.
Butanone: colorless liquid, irritating and mint smell, low toxicity. It is more toxic than acetone and has anesthesia. It can cause a decrease in central nervous system function, irritate eyes and trachea, and cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, vomiting, and dermatitis.
Ethyl ester: Commonly known as ethyl acetate, colorless liquid, fruity fragrance, low toxicity. It has anesthesia effect, can irritate eyes, skin and mucous membranes, will cause corneal opacity, high concentration inhalation can cause liver and stomach congestion, continuous large inhalation, acute pulmonary edema will occur.
Butyl ester: commonly known as butyl acetate, colorless liquid, fruity fragrance. Butyl ester has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, and has a strong stimulating effect on the eyes and upper respiratory tract. It can stimulate the alveolar mucosa, causing pulmonary congestion and bronchitis. Oral butyl ester can stimulate the digestive organs, causing lung, duodenum and intestinal membrane Hyperemia. Under general conditions of use, the toxicity is not great, the symptoms will disappear quickly, and there will be no sequelae.
Ethylene glycol-ether: colorless liquid, mild odor, low toxicity, can be absorbed through the skin, can cause mild liver damage, severe kidney damage and hematuria and other diseases.
Ammonia: colorless transparent liquid, toxic. Can cause conjunctival edema, corneal ulcers, iritis, turbid crystals and even corneal perforation. Mild poisoning can cause diseases such as gastritis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, etc. It can also cause sore throat, cough, sputum or hemoptysis symptom.
It is recommended to wear filter gas masks (half masks) and protective glasses during work. Because the protective equipment must be worn in the work of the gravure factory! Many young people in the factory are afraid of trouble, never wear protective products, and are used to becoming natural, which will bring harm closer to themselves. In order to love those who love themselves, be kind to yourself!
3. Attention factors of screen printing workers at work
The screen printing process mainly prevents two harmful factors: solvent and toner. Bisheng.com will elaborate on the hazards of these two objects for you.
1. Solvent
Screen printing inks are often diluted or washed with organic solvents such as isophorone, toluene, xylene, tetratoluene, cyclohexanone, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate. These solvents are toxic, contain heavy metals, and have a pungent odor. The toxic substances released during use pollute the air. Long-term inhalation will affect the central nervous system of the brain and cause great harm to human health. Although most of these organic solvents will be eliminated after drying, the remaining parts will still cause harm to the human body. Especially for the printed products with large ink printing area and thick ink layer, there are many residual solvents.
2. Toner
Toners are used in the manufacture of screen printing inks. These pigment particles are very small and have strong adsorption capacity. They contain heavy metal elements such as lead, chromium, cadmium, and mercury, all of which have certain toxicity. Take lead as an example. Lead is the only trace element that the human body does not need. It is stable in nature, non-degradable, and hinders the formation of blood cells. When the lead in the body accumulates to a certain extent, chronic poisoning symptoms such as mental disorders, nightmares, insomnia, and headaches will occur. In severe cases, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and diarrhea will occur. Lead can also enter brain tissue through the blood, causing brain damage. According to research, children's absorption of lead is several times higher than that of adults, and lead poisoning has a greater impact on children's intelligence.
Precaution
According to the environment and operating characteristics of the printing, we must start from ourselves and consciously reduce the damage of ink to the body.
1. Develop good work and hygiene habits
Strictly abide by the safety operation regulations and do a good job of sanitary protection. Before working, wear work clothes, rubber gloves and protective masks; when wiping the version with gasoline, be careful not to let the head be on top of the gasoline volatilization; immediately after the work Wash your hands and face with soap.
2. Pay attention to reasonable dietary supplement nutrition
To add more high-quality protein rich in amino acids, such as eggs, it is recommended one a day. Fat intake should be properly restricted to avoid a high-fat diet that increases gastrointestinal burden. At the same time, eating more fruits and vegetables, especially fungus, helps to clear the lungs, and can also add vitamin C to enhance body resistance.
3. Maintain indoor ventilation
Install ventilation and exhaust protection equipment to fully do indoor ventilation and ventilation. Install a multi-functional air conditioner to maintain constant indoor temperature and the temperature should not be too high, thereby reducing the volatility of printing ink. At the same time, you can also put some plants and activated carbon indoors, try to stand upwind when working.
4. Participate in outdoor sports and exercise more
After work, you should actively participate in outdoor aerobic exercise, extensively develop colorful sports activities, enhance physical fitness, improve body immunity, and thus maintain a good metabolism.
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