Entrusted by the Shandong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, the Shandong Provincial Department of Education recently organized experts to examine and appraise the subject of the Shandong Province Science and Technology Development Project "Research on the Peanut New Leaf Spot Disease Catastrophe Mechanism and Non-Pollution Control Technology" hosted by Qingdao Agricultural University Professor Yan Honghai. Experts believe that the subject as a whole has reached the international advanced level of similar research, and has reached the international advanced level in the etiology of peanut leaf rot.
It is understood that peanuts are China's main economic crops and oil crops, with an average annual total output of 14.35 million tons, and the single output and total output rank first in the world. However, in recent years, the new leaf spot disease represented by peanut net spot disease, black spot disease and peanut leaf rot has become increasingly serious, resulting in a reduction in peanut production of more than 30%, which has become an urgent problem to be solved. At the same time, although the new leaf spot disease of peanut has become an important topic for researchers at home and abroad, due to its complicated occurrence rule and the requirements for safe and green pollution-free production of peanuts, there is still no effective method for disease control.
Yan Honghai led the research group. After three years of research and experiment, the methods of variety resistance identification and utilization, pathogenic pathogenic differentiation determination, disease resistance physiology and genetic analysis, and chromatographic separation and purification were used to cause new leaf spot disease of peanut. The mechanism was further analyzed and researched. For the first time in the world, the relationship between the pathogens of peanut leaf rot and four pathogens of Rhizoctonia sclerotiorum was clarified. The main causes of the serious occurrence of several diseases in recent years and the pathogenic characteristics of the pathogens were clarified. , Strains with potential for biological control, medicinal agents with good control effect, immune elicitors, and compound preparations with high-efficiency control functions were obtained, thus establishing a technical system for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
It is reported that the research group has created a highly efficient and low-toxic preparation for controlling peanut black spot and net spot disease. Among them, the preparation for controlling net spot disease has a control effect of 71.7% and an increase of 17.6%; the preparation for preventing and treating peanut black spot disease , The prevention effect is up to 83.1%, and the output is increased by 20.5%. They have also formulated comprehensive technical regulations for the main leaf spot disease prevention of peanuts, which are widely used in production and have significant economic and social benefits.
At the appraisal meeting, relevant experts stated that the project systematically studied the mechanism and key control technology of peanut Rhizoctonia sclerotiorum disease and related leaf spot diseases, which has important theoretical and production guidance significance for peanut production; the research has clarified the pathogen of peanut leaf rot And the taxonomic status reveals the etiological relationship between the four Rhizoctonia spp. On peanuts; the pathogenic mechanism of P. sclerotiorum and the physiological basis of net spot disease resistance are described. The project research has screened AM fungi that can significantly control peanut black spot and net spot disease and promote peanut growth, and selected 5 varieties with high resistance to leaf spot disease. Therefore, experts suggest to increase the demonstration and promotion of scientific research results Intensity.
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