How to make Spring Festival couplets printing? Hand bronzing and screen printing process

1. Production of frame

The size of the frame should be determined according to the paper size of the printed Spring Festival couplets. The inner diameter of the frame should be 5 cm larger than the size of the cut paper. A wooden frame of 3 cm x 5 cm can be used. Scrape a 0. cm deep wire groove from 1 cm to 1.5 cm, and make wooden strips according to the width and depth of the wire groove.

2. Stretching the net

Cut the nylon screen according to the size of the frame, soak it with clean water, first nail the four sides of the nylon screen to the sides of the frame at a distance of about 2 cm with the picture, and then use small iron nails The wooden strip is pressed onto the nylon screen and nailed into the wire groove, then rinse the nailed screen with clean water and dry it.

3. Scrape photosensitive adhesive

This process must be carried out in a dark room. The appropriate amount of XS-1 diazo photoresist can be poured into the lower side of the screen plane with a red light or candle, and scraped upward with a plexiglass triangle ruler. Make sure that the film is evenly distributed, covered with the mesh surface, and unevenly scraped longitudinally

It can be scraped horizontally. If the concave surface of the screen is penetrated by glue, please scrape it flat. The film should be thin and flat. The purpose is to seal the mesh tightly and dry naturally.

4. Draw black and white drafts

The black-and-white manuscript is the most critical process of the plate-making process. It not only relates to the success or failure of the plate-making, but also directly affects the quality of the product. In the absence of the basis of calligraphy, you can find some spring couplets and patterns with exquisite fonts. You can also use the computer to type the fonts. Place it on the table top, cover it with a piece of clean glass that is equal to the outer diameter of the frame and draw the font with ink. Make sure that the line part of the base is completely black. After the trace is checked against the light, if there is a leak Repair in time, if there are irregularities in the base line of the drawing, after the ink is dry, you can use the tip of the knife to scrape off the excess part to revise the manuscript. It can be combined with glass black and white drafts as needed, without affecting the effect of plate making.

5. Exposure

This process must be carried out in a dark room. Take a sponge with a thickness of more than 0.5 cm and equal to the inner diameter of the plate frame and must be more than 2 cm thicker than the plane of the plate frame. Put the sponge into the concave surface of the screen first, and then place the plywood on the sponge , And then turn it over, that is, the plywood is down, and the plane of the screen is up. Then put the black and white manuscript with the ink side down, and place it on the plane of the screen smoothly in the center. Plywood is clamped between the glass black and white draft above to prevent horizontal running to avoid defects and failure of the plate making. After it is arranged, it can be taken outdoors for exposure. The exposure time is generally 1 minute to 3 minutes. Depending on the level of light, the time when the light is strong is short, and the time when the light is weak is long. It is not suitable for exposure in cloudy weather. You can also use indoor lights for exposure. 4 40W fluorescent lamps or 4 200W bulbs are evenly distributed above the screen. If the height of the fluorescent lamp is 30 cm away from the screen, the bulb needs to be 50 cm away from the screen, and the exposure time is 30 minutes. After the exposure, it should be immediately Take the screen back to the dark room to remove the black-and-white manuscript, sponge and plywood. Quickly rinse the front and back sides of the screen with 60 degrees warm water. Generally, it takes about 3 minutes to rinse the font and pattern on the screen. After drying, the plate making process is all over.

6. Printing process

First make a squeegee for printing. Take two 26-cm long and 13-cm wide polaroid plates of equal size. Then take a 26-cm long, 14.5 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick rubber plate and use two polaroid plates. Clamp the rubber sheet in the middle and align it on three sides. On the other side, the rubber sheet is 1.5 cm higher than the Polaroid sheet. Use a "sticky" glue to glue the three of them together. In addition, the size of the scraper can be lengthened or shortened according to the width of the printing screen. Plexiglas triangular ruler can also be used to replace the rubber scraper to complete the printing needs.

Position the concave side of the prepared screen with the hinge on the workbench, take about 30 sheets of red paper cut under the screen, and align with the base pattern of the screen to find the size of the four sides After mixing the grease paint thoroughly, scrape it repeatedly from right to left, every scraping to one side, that is, once printing is completed, open the screen, take out the printed product, and so on. Apply force evenly. Immediately after each printing, wipe the screen with a towel dampened with oil to prepare for the next use.

7. Sticky gold process

Choose a workbench with a flat surface and pressure resistance, and then lay a 0.5 cm thick rubber plate that is slightly larger than the size of the printed spring couplet and is very smooth and of high quality. Cut the anodized aluminum hot stamping foil according to the size of the printed spring couplet. After the printed spring couplet is left to cool for about 20 minutes, the anodized aluminum hot stamping foil can be steadily pasted on the printed base of the couplet. Use a towel to compress the character base and the pattern part firmly, and confirm that the compaction is correct 24 hours-36 hours before removing the anodized aluminum hot stamping foil.

Screen printing couplets

Preparation of the text positive artwork:

â‘  Select the spring couplets with a wide range of applications and novel and auspicious contents from the Spring Festival couplets books, enter them into the computer, and select fonts such as: regular script, regular script, Lishu, Weibei and other fonts on the microcomputer. Printed with a laser printer, imposition can be used for printing.

â‘¡ Select the spring couplets with good content from the printed spring couplets sold, copy them to white paper with a copier, and enlarge or reduce according to the requirements when copying. Generally, the red part becomes black or gray when copying spring couplets. Paint white and copy again to get a clear text draft. After soaking in wax, this text draft will become a transparent text draft, which can be used as a positive photo.

â‘¢Please calligraphers or people with certain calligraphy skills to write the Spring Festival couplets. It is best to write them directly on transparent cellophane. If it is written on rice paper or plain white paper, it can be used for plate making after being soaked in wax.

If the text is the bones of the Spring Festival couplets, then the pattern is the meat of the Spring Festival couplets. In the Spring Festival couplets, the patterns can play a decorative role, and the meaning of the characters to be expressed in the Spring Festival couplets can be expressed indirectly through the patterns. From an artistic point of view, the pattern can add a layer to the Spring Festival couplets, and it is not dull and plain visually.

Pattern preparation:

â‘  Copy method This method is mainly to find some white drawing pictures to copy it, and then re-wax the copy manuscript, which can be used for printing after imposition. The content can be selected from landscape paintings, figure paintings, flowers, animals, etc. The pattern drafts made by this method are of high quality and low cost.

â‘¡The advantage of manual drawing is that it can avoid the difficulty of imposition caused by the inconsistency between the size and the length of the spring couplet encountered when copying white drawings. The key to manual drawing is that the drafters have high requirements on the art level. The outer stroke of the text must be drawn manually.

â‘¢Electronic color separation design a color pattern draft that is the same size as the Spring Festival couplet. After the color separation by the electronic color separation machine, you can get four-color positive images of yellow, magenta, cyan and black. Use this four-color film to make a plate and print it with four colors. You can print out color couplets.

Plate making

Combine the pattern draft with the transparent stroke draft, align it with the rule line, place it on the plate-making machine, turn on the exposure lamp, coincide with the registration line on the plate-making machine glass, and fix it with double-sided tape or transparent tape. Drop the exposure lamp; apply the photosensitive adhesive under the red light in the dark room, blow dry and place the screen on the plate-making machine, cover it with a piece of black paper, put a sponge foam board on the paper, and press heavy objects such as bricks on it; At this time, adjust the timer, press the exposure button, and start exposure.The time is 5 minutes.When the time is up, it will automatically shut down, remove the screen, and rinse it with water; turn on the lighting lamp, check the screen, and continue to flush the unfilled part. Until clear. The method is the same when making text version. After the pattern plate is dried, use the sealing glue or photosensitive glue to smear the part of the pattern to be printed in the text stroke, seal the periphery of the screen plate after drying, and use it.

Printing working conditions

1. Equipment: The printing of Spring Festival couplets seems simple, but the production conditions are high. The most important thing is that the plate-making printing equipment should be large. Taking the spring couplet of 150 meters long, the direct working area of ​​its plate-making printing equipment must reach Above 1 50m, the maximum printing area of ​​general offset presses is fully open (1 10m), which shows that general offset presses cannot produce spring couplets over 150 meters, which is why there are very few spring couplets over 1 10m in length. When using the screen printing method, if you want to produce spring couplets over 150 meters, you must have a large spring couplet plate-making printing machine or a large plate-making machine.

2. Paper: Silk screen printing couplets are better to print with red paper, because printing red couplets with red paper is simpler than printing white couplets with white paper, and the cost of plate making is low. There are many varieties of red paper, including rose red paper and vermilion paper in color, and organically brushed red paper and hand-painted red paper in production process. Screen printing Spring Festival couplets are best to use vermilion brushing red paper. In the south, there is a year-round red spring couplet paper.This paper is characterized by rain resistance, lightfastness, and no color fading throughout the year. The color is vermilion, which gradually changes to deep red after a period of sun exposure, and it dries after rain. It's still red. Spring couplets made from this kind of paper are affixed to the door. They are red all year round, and the effect is very good. People in the South generally subscribe to this Spring Festival couplet product, and the Spring Festival couplets printed on ordinary red paper are not interested. This is because it often rains during the Spring Festival in the South. The Spring Festival has become very disappointing.

3. Ink: Screen printing Spring Festival couplet ink, usually offset resin ink, black enamel and offset resin ink can also be used, another method is to use black offset ink and varnish. Spring couplets printed with these inks are black and bright. The auxiliary materials are: red dry oil, white dry oil, gasoline, thinner, banana water, acetone, xylene, etc. Gold ink can be offset gold ink, gold powder can be used to adjust xylene, plus varnish. Diluent can be gasoline. The concentration is suitable for non-dry net.

4. Materials used for bronzing The vinyl chloride paste used for the connection compound, the anodized aluminum (golden color) for bronzing materials, and the bronzing equipment are bronzing machines or electric irons.

5. Workroom The workroom should be at least 20m2, and the walls should be lined with rows of wires, with a spacing of 33cm, for hanging couplets. The larger the work area, the higher the production efficiency.

print

1. Red paper screen printing couplets put the cut red paper on the glass, turn on the copy exposure lamp, align the position of the red paper and the original, fix the red paper positioning mark with double-sided tape, and then make the finished Place the screen on the red paper, align the position, and clamp the screen on the clip. Turn off the lights, put down the screen, put the adjusted gold ink on one end of the screen, use a scraper to scrape from this end to the other end, lift the screen and check the printing effect. When printing, each piece should be aligned to ensure that the text can be printed exactly within the stroke when printing black text. When printing, two people are required to work at the same time. After the first golden drier, print the black text again in the same way as when printing the golden pattern, and pay attention to the registration when printing.

In printing, the most prone trouble is that the ink is squeezed out from under the net.The reason: first, the screen is stretched loosely, causing a gap between the net and the paper, and the other reason is that the ink is too thin, especially when printing text Such problems are most likely to occur. In screen printing, the dry screen is also one of the problems that are prone to occur.In summer, the temperature is high, the ink dries quickly, and the dry screen is easy.At this time, 783 slow dry water can be added to the ink, and if there is no 783 slow dry water, add some diesel, winter The temperature is low and the drying is slow. Red or white oil should be added to the ink. Acetone, xylene, banana water, thinner, gasoline, etc. can also be added. The indoor temperature must be kept above 15 ℃.

In printing, sometimes the ink dries too slowly. For example, when the indoor wire is completely full, the ink that was printed at the beginning is still not dry and cannot be collected, which will affect the continued printing. If the ink dries quickly, it is easy to dry the net, increasing the number of times to wipe the net. To solve this problem, first make sure that after the first sheet is printed and removed, put the second sheet of paper, and then put down the screen, the screen will not dry for a period of time, so that the part that remains on the screen during the first printing The ink is printed on the paper again. In this way, the ink density should be appropriate without being squeezed out from below. Another point is that when the wire in the room is full, the spring couplets on the first wire are completely dry. At this time, you can put away the spring couplets on the line and continue printing. To achieve the above two points, you must know a variety of factors such as ink performance, thinner characteristics, seasonal temperature, and find out practical experience in your work. Only in this way can you print a good product, and the work efficiency will be greatly improved.

2. The printing material of red paper bronzing spring couplets bronzing spring couplets is perchlorinated vinyl paste, which needs to be purchased in chemical reagent stores, and can also be purchased in plastic factories. If you can not buy this slurry, you can use vinyl chloride resin, xylene, cyclohexanone to make vinyl chloride slurry. The formula is as follows: perchlorinated vinyl resin 100g xylene 50mL cyclohexanone 350mL. Add perchlorinated vinyl resin to the mixed solution of xylene cyclohexanone to dissolve, that is to obtain perchlorinated vinyl slurry.

In printing, use vinyl chloride paste instead of ink and print on red paper. Before it is almost dry, put on anodized aluminum, heat and pressurize with a hot stamping machine or electric iron, and do not overheat. Then tear off the excess anodized aluminum, and then there will be a bronzing effect.

Of course, the most basic requirements for a good Spring Festival couplet product are: beautiful fonts, novel content, exquisite printing, and excellent paper. These four points are the key to whether Spring Festival couplets can achieve better economic benefits in market sales. Therefore, the characters used in the Spring Festival couplets must be beautifully written and have profound calligraphy skills.