Gas Encyclopedia Knowledge - Ammonia
Recently, customers often come across the question of how much ammonia gas is harmful to the human body and how much is safe. The parameters in the table below are for customer reference.
The olfactory threshold of human ammonia is 0.5-2 mg/m3. The harm of ammonia to humans is shown in the table.
Concentration / (mg / m3)
Contact time/min
the level of danger
Hazard classification
0.7
Feel the smell
No harm to the human body
9.8
No stimulating effect
67.2
45
There is a irritating feeling in the nose and throat, and there is a burning sensation in the eyes.
70
30
Slow breathing
Minor hazard
140
30
Nasal and upper respiratory tract discomfort, nausea, headache
140～210
20
The body has obvious discomfort but still works
Medium hazard
175-350
20
Nasal eye stimulation, breathing and pulse acceleration
553
30
Strong stimulation, can withstand 1.25min
Severe hazard
700
30
Cough immediately
1750～3500
30
life threatening
3500～7000
30
Immediate death
Ammonia hazard performance
(1) Hazard performance of inhalation.
Ammonia irritancy is a reliable source of harmful concentration alarms. However, due to olfactory fatigue, low concentrations of ammonia can be difficult to detect after prolonged exposure. Inhalation is the main route of exposure. The main symptoms of poisoning after inhaling ammonia are as follows.
Mild inhalation of ammonia poisoning showed rhinitis, pharyngitis, sore throat, and hoarseness. Ammonia enters the trachea and bronchi to cause cough, sputum, and blood in the sputum. In severe cases, hemoptysis and pulmonary edema, difficulty breathing, white or bloody foam, and double lungs filled with large and medium water bubbles. The patient had swallowing pain, cough, cough or hemoptysis, chest tightness and post-sternal pain.
The occurrence of acute inhalation ammonia poisoning is caused by accidents such as pipe rupture and valve burst. Acute ammonia poisoning is mainly caused by respiratory mucosal irritation and burns. The symptoms vary depending on the concentration of ammonia, the time of inhalation, and the individual's susceptibility.
Acute mild poisoning: dry throat, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, cough, chest tightness and mild headache, dizziness, fatigue, bronchitis and peribronchial inflammation.
Acute moderate poisoning The above symptoms are aggravated, breathing difficulties, sometimes bloody sputum, mild cyanosis, conjunctival hyperemia, laryngeal edema, dry and wet voice in the lungs.
Acute severe poisoning: severe cough, a lot of pink foamy sputum, shortness of breath, palpitations, difficulty breathing, further increase in laryngeal edema, obvious cyanosis, or acute respiratory distress syndrome, heavier pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema.
Severe inhalation poisoning can cause laryngeal edema, glottic stenosis and respiratory mucosal shedding, which can cause obstruction of the trachea and cause suffocation. Inhalation of high concentrations of ammonia can directly affect pulmonary capillary permeability and cause pulmonary edema, which can induce disturbances such as convulsions, convulsions, lethargy, and coma. Individual patients inhaled very concentrated ammonia to cause respiratory heartbeat.
(2) Hazardous manifestations of skin and eye contact.
Low concentrations of ammonia can quickly irritate the eyes and wet skin. Moist skin or eye contact with high concentrations of ammonia can cause severe chemical burns. Acute mild poisoning: tearing, photophobia, blurred vision, conjunctival congestion.
Skin contact can cause severe pain and burns, and can cause coffee-like coloration. The corroded part is gelatinous and soft, and deep tissue damage can occur.
High concentrations of vapor are highly irritating to the eyes, can cause pain and burns, leading to significant inflammation and possible edema, destruction of epithelial tissue, corneal opacity and irritation of the iris. Mild cases are generally relieved, severe cases may persist for long periods of time, and complications such as persistent edema, scarring, permanent opacity, eye bulging, cataracts, eyelids and eye adhesions, and blindness may occur. Repeated or continuous exposure to ammonia can cause conjunctivitis.
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