(1) Start breathing practice and establish effective breathing. For patients with chronic bronchitis, the lumen of the bronchioles is narrowed due to inflammation, congestion, edema, retention of sputum, etc., and the lumen is exhaled due to loss of lumen support. Collapse, the gas can not be excreted from the alveoli, there is obstructive ventilatory disorders, resulting in excessive expansion of the alveoli, decreased diaphragm, thorax activity is limited, abdominal respiratory function decline. Patients often use chest-type breathing to compensate for excessive use of assisted breathing muscles. As a result, the body's oxygen consumption for breathing exercises increases, making breathing less impaired. Therefore, the process of exercise rehabilitation should begin with the training of quiet abdominal breathing, increase the degree of diaphragm activity, increase lung ventilation. Every 1cm increase in diaphragm activity can increase the ventilation volume by 250~300ml, which greatly improves the respiratory efficiency. At the same time, abdominal breathing helps cough and sputum, increases vital capacity, reduces residual air volume, and improves airway patency. In addition, in the acute attack of asthma patients, the oxygen consumption is extremely high, which increases the hypoxia. It also needs to reduce oxygen consumption and strengthen effective breathing through "regulation" - deep and flat abdominal breathing.
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(2) Gymnastics, qigong adjustment, and improvement of respiratory function In order to further strengthen the range of diaphragm activity, patients can increase various limb and trunk activities on the basis of mastery of abdominal breathing. The amount of exercise varies from small to large. When you go outside, you can gradually adjust your breathing function and gradually adapt to low-intensity physical exercises to improve your physical condition and increase your resistance to diseases.
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(3) Strengthen physical fitness through aerobic endurance exercise Aerobic exercise is a kind of physical training method to enhance aerobic capacity, improve general endurance level, develop heart and lung function, and improve metabolic process. For patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis, more emphasis should be placed on the effectiveness and safety of aerobic exercise. A reasonable amount of exercise should be based on the age and physical condition of the patient. Should choose a small exercise intensity, relatively long duration of exercise.
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·Special Note·
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It is very important to determine the appropriate heart rate (target heart rate) for the exerciser before performing aerobic exercise to obtain the best effect and ensure safety. The exact method for obtaining the target heart rate is to let the exerciser pass the exercise load test to determine the maximum heart rate. In practice, the approximate value of the maximum heart rate can also be estimated by age: 220-age (personal error in this method is ±10 times), and the suitable heart rate for aerobic exercise is the maximum heart rate (220-age)×(50%-75%) . It is recommended that patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis exercise at the beginning of aerobic exercise, according to their physical condition, choose the exercise intensity from the lower limit value of the appropriate heart rate, and adopt gradual and gradual increase of exercise capacity based on the criteria of no discomfort and adverse physiological response.
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