Myrtle, alias Shanwen, Gangzi, Dangli, Stable, Soybean, Shandanzi, Duolian, Tao Niang, commonly known as "mountain milk", is an evergreen shrub of Myrtaceae, Myrtaceae, It is the only species that is naturally distributed in China. It is native to China's low-altitude hilly and mountainous regions of South China and South Asia. It is widely distributed in Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Hunan, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Japan. There are also distributions in other places. Myrtle is warm and humid, with positive light, anti-inflammatory heat, slightly shade-tolerant, but the flowering and fruiting will be reduced; drought-tolerant, thin, not water-resistant, can still grow well in poor and dry soil, rich in fertility Loose, moist, acidic mountain red soil and a well-lit environment are the most lush. Because Myrtle is resistant to early cockroaches and has strong adaptability, it has become one of the fine tree species for greening and soil and water conservation in the south of China.
Myrtle is of high value and is an important ornamental, honey source, edible, medicinal and pigment tree species. Myrtle plants are evergreen, and the myrtle branches are strong in toughness, compact in tree shape, beautiful in color, and can be viewed from flowers and fruits. The flowers are white, red and purple, then gradually lighter, and the flowering period is long. It is a kind of flower resource with promising prospects. It has many changes in color and color and is of great ornamental value. Therefore, rational use of the value of Myrtle, cultivation of Myrtle bonsai, will bring greater ecological, social and economic benefits.
A method for cultivating osmanthus bonsai, by selecting an excellent wild myrtle tree as a breeding mother plant, and cutting and managing the high-strength of the seedling mother plant, obtaining a fine and robust insertion of the myrtle, cutting seedlings, The transplanted seedlings are transplanted, the transplanted seedlings are cut, the potted plants are trimmed, and the peach maiden bonsai is cultivated. The steps are as follows:
(1) Selection of good mother plants: wild peach gold with vigorous growth of stems and branches, dark green leaves, annual fruit weight of more than 1.5k, average fruit diameter and longitudinal diameter of 1.0cm, fruit and its juice deep purple Mother tree as a good mother plant:
(2) Choosing excellent seedlings: The excellent mother plants are planted with mud to excavate the 8~-12 months old main stems and the dark green leaves of the myrtle seedlings as potted seedlings;
(3) Planting of excellent seedlings: After obtaining good seedlings, cut out 1/2 leaves in the middle and lower part of the seedlings, and then plant the seedlings in a large basin filled with a substrate diameter of 40^-60cm and a depth of 35-50cm. 80% of the net shed, and drenched the root water, and sprayed 80% mancozeb ultra-wet WP 800 times water on the topsoil and seedlings, and sprayed the liquid to the plant; Within 15 days after planting, the seedlings are placed in a semi-shadowed, semi-lighted shade net shed, and water is sprayed once every 5 days. The dripping water is subject to the dripping of the plants and the wetness of the soil in the basin;
(4) Large pot seedlings are cut dry: After the large pot seedlings resume growth, the trunk is cut horizontally at a distance of 20"--25cm from the base; the cut branches are cut as the cuttings of the myrtle:
(5) Management of large pots and seedlings after cutting: After each cut, the commercially available cytokinin 1150 times aqueous solution and 80% mancozeb ultra-wet WP 800 times water are sprayed on the main leaves left in the pot. The liquid is applied twice, at intervals of 7 days, and the spraying solution is based on the dripping of the plant to promote germination and disease prevention. At the same time, special long-acting fertilizer 100g/pot is applied in the large basin: after the main stem grows new leaves, spray Apply gibberellin 1300 times of water to the market once: During the growth of large pots, the dry and wet conditions of the soil in the basin are timely and drenched to avoid drought;
(6) cutting seedlings: collect strong trunk branches from April to August every year, first cut off the 8'-10cm young part at the top, then cut the branches into 15-20cm cuttings, and the cut at the lower end of each cutting is 45°, upper section 2 to 3 leaves: The lower incision of the cuttings was completely immersed in an aqueous solution containing 0.015% of the rooting powder ABT1, and the soaking time was 2.5 hours: then the incision at the lower end of the cuttings was completely wrapped with yellow mud and inserted into the filling matrix. It is a degradable non-woven fabric seedling bag with a diameter of 10cm and a height of 14cm; the cutting seedlings are placed in a 60% shade shed, and the rafts are 3m long and wide lm are placed neatly, the root water is drenched, and 80% generation is sprayed. Senn-manganese zinc ultra-wet WP 800 times water solution 1 time, spray application liquid is subject to plant dripping water, and then every 1 day, water is sprayed once, the water is dripping with the plant dripping water and the soil in the seedling bag is soaked. Spray 80% mancozeb ultra-wet WP 800 times water every 15 days, spray the liquid to the plant, until the cuttings sprout new leaves; after cutting new leaves, spray the city Sell ​​gibberellin 1100 times water solution twice, each time 10 days apart, and apply special long-acting fertilizer 150g/m2 in the topsoil of the seedling bag;
(7) Cutting seedlings and pruning: When the new shoots of the cuttings grow to a length of 8-12 cm, the cutting seedlings are transferred into a pot filled with a substrate, the size of which is 35-50 cm in diameter and 30'-40 cm in depth, and Drain the root water, then spray 80% mancozeb ultra-wet WP 800 times water on the topsoil and seedlings. Spray the solution with the drip of the plant: the new branches grow after the transplant When the length is 15-20cm, remove the young parts of 5-8cm on the top of each branch, and cut off the weak branches, leaving 2-3 first-level branches per plant, and apply special long-acting fertilizer 80g/pot, and spray the commercially available cells. 1100 times of mitogen and 80% of mancozeb ultra-wet WP 800 times of water, 2 times at a time, to promote secondary branch germination: when the secondary branch grows to 25~30cm At the time, remove the young parts of the top of each secondary branch from 8 to 12 cm, and cut off the weak branches at the dense point, leaving 5 to 8 secondary branches per plant, and applying special long-acting fertilizer 100g/pot, and spraying Commercial gibberellin 1150 times water solution 1 time: When the branches are longer than 50cm, the external layering treatment is carried out to promote dwarfing and crown forming; during the period, the soil in the basin is wet and dry, avoiding dryness. drought:
(8) Promoting flowers and promoting fruit: The second year after the formation of the peach ginseng pruning shape, the special long-acting fertilizer 150g/pot is applied every April; in May, the flowering bud of the peach maiden is sprayed with 0.10% boric acid. And 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, each interval of 6 days, spraying the liquid to the branch leaves to promote flower bud differentiation; when the fruit of the myrtle is developed to a transverse diameter of 0.8cm or more, foliar spray 0.15% boric acid and 0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution were applied twice a day for 8 days to promote fruit development and sugar accumulation.
Further, the substrate is a red soil having a weight ratio of 10:1 to 2:0.7-1, a red loam soil, a decomposed coconut crucible, and a special long-acting fertilizer; the matrix is ​​prepared with red loam, decomposed coco peat and special purpose Long-acting fertilizer can be mixed evenly.
Further, the special long-acting fertilizer is 33 parts of poultry manure, 23 parts of corn stalk coarse powder, 14 parts of corncob coarse powder, 0.25 parts of slaked lime, and lichens buds with a weight ratio of 1.2:0.6:0.9:0.9:1.1. 1.4 parts of compound microbial agents consisting of bacillus, Aspergillus oryzae, brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, thermophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis were piled up, then 9 parts of urea containing N≥46.4%, containing P205≥12% 11 parts of calcium phosphate, 9 parts of potassium sulfate containing K20 ≥ 60%, 0.05 parts of boric acid, 0.03 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.01 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of water retaining agent and 0.6 parts of coating material were uniformly mixed and granulated.
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