After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, China entered the era of reform and opening up. In the 40 years of reform and opening up, China has been striving to solve the environmental pollution and ecological damage associated with economic and social development while continuously facing the ecological damage and environmental pollution left over by history, and continuously improve the ability of sustainable economic and social development. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, China is taking the road of civilization development with production development, affluent life and good ecology.
Great achievements have been made in the construction of ecological civilization
Since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, especially since the 18th National Party Congress, China has continuously promoted environmental protection work. In particular, since the introduction of ecological civilization, the theory, policy and institutional system of ecological civilization construction have been gradually improved, national legislation and party internal law construction have been gradually improved, law enforcement supervision methods have been continuously enriched, market regulation has become increasingly prominent, and ecological civilization has become the rule of law and co-governance. Upgrade.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has taken ecological civilization construction as an important part of coordinating the overall layout of the "five in one" and coordinating and promoting the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, forming Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought. The cultivation of Chinese ecological civilization culture, the construction of ecological civilization system, the reform of ecological civilization system, the construction of ecological civilization industrial system, and the construction of ecological civilization capacity all have the theoretical guiding significance of the top level, and the ecological civilization construction has been comprehensively accelerated and has achieved remarkable results.
Major initiatives in the construction of ecological civilization include:
First, improve the party's internal regulations and environmental legislation, and carry out system construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to the construction of laws and regulations within the party and adopted the system to strengthen the party's leadership over environmental protection work. "Procedures for Responsibility for Responsibility for Ecological and Environmental Damages of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government (Trial)" "Evaluation and Assessment Methods for Objectives of Ecological Civilization Construction", "Interim Provisions on the Retirement of Natural Resources Assets of Leading Cadres", "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Environmental Monitoring System and Improving the Quality of Environmental Monitoring Data "A series of internal party regulations or reform documents, such as the "Environmental Protection Inspector Program (Trial)", environmental protection "party and government responsibilities", central ecological environmental protection inspectors, evaluation of ecological civilization construction goals, leading cadres leaving the environmental audit, etc. The measures were implemented, and party committees, people's congresses and governments at all levels paid more attention to environmental protection. On January 1, 2015, the new "Environmental Protection Law" was implemented. The rule of law, which is lawful and illegal, is taking shape.
Second, the implementation of environmental protection "party and government responsibility" and "one post and double responsibility" to promote environmental governance. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the local party committee, the government, the National People's Congress, and the CPPCC have been effectively exerted through measures such as the natural resources balance sheet, the departure audit of leading cadres' natural resource assets, the evaluation and assessment of the objectives of ecological civilization construction, and the investigation of responsibility for ecological environmental damage. The role of judicial organs, social organizations, enterprises and individuals in the construction of ecological civilization.
The third is to carry out central ecological environmental protection supervision and environmental protection supervision, which will force local transformation and improve quality and efficiency. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has promoted the "Party and Government Responsibility" of environmental protection, "one post and two responsibilities", highlighting the role of local party committees and governments in the environmental protection governance system, highlighting the role of other supervisory departments in the division of labor, and supporting The mechanism of responsibility for dereliction of duty. Because of problems in environmental protection, some local party committees and governments have made in-depth inspections. Some local government officials have been interviewed, and local party committees and governments have placed ecological civilization construction and ecological environmental protection at a more important position.
The fourth is to combat the monitoring data and environmental governance fraud, and carry out environmental credit management. The "Environmental Protection Law" stipulates measures for administrative detention on the conduct of environmental monitoring data of pollutant discharge units; and stipulates measures for administrative punishment for acts of fraud of environmental monitoring data of state organs and state public officials. "Eco-Environmental Monitoring Network Construction Plan" "Guiding Opinions on the Pilot Work of the Reform and Supervision of the Vertical Management System of Environmental Protection Institutions under the Provincial Level", "Evaluation and Assessment Methods for the Objectives of Ecological Civilization Construction", "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Environmental Monitoring System and Improving the Quality of Environmental Monitoring Data A series of documents were released.
The fifth is to carry out regional coordination and optimization work to improve regional environmental quality. The state has strengthened the coordination of environmental protection in the regions and river basins such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, the Yan-Ping Plain, and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Through “multi-regulationâ€, delineation of ecological red line, establishment and improvement of regional environmental impact assessment system and regional industrial access negative list system, the regional industrial layout has been optimized, and regional environmental risks have been prevented and controlled. The regional ecological protection compensation mechanism is Completely established.
Generally speaking, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s ecological environmental protection has undergone historic, turning, and overall changes in its understanding of practice, and its ecological civilization has achieved remarkable results. It has entered the deepest understanding, the most powerful, and the most effective and advanced. The fastest and the best time. It can be said that there are five "unprecedented": the level of ideological understanding is unprecedented; the intensity of pollution control is unprecedented; the frequency of system introduction is unprecedented; the scale of supervision and enforcement is unprecedented; the improvement of environmental quality is unprecedented. From the perspective of local practice, specific results include:
Through the evaluation and assessment of the objectives of ecological civilization construction, some places have enhanced the scientific and technological content and comparative advantages of products and services through characteristic development, advantageous development and dislocation development, reducing pollution and resource consumption, and a green development model is being established. In terms of ecological protection, through the “Green Shield†action and other measures, the phenomenon of encroaching on nature reserves, destroying wetlands and polluting the environment has been greatly curbed. A number of integrated and characteristic national parks have been established, some species are recovering, and biological systems are stable. Sex is enhanced. In terms of environmental quality improvement, the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta decreased by 39.6%, 34.3% and 27.7% respectively in 2013, reaching 64, 44 and 35 respectively. Micrograms per cubic meter. In terms of the quality of economic development, the vitality of enterprise development and the quality and efficiency of economic development continue to improve.
Challenges and Suggestions for Ecological Civilization Construction
Although great achievements have been made in the construction of ecological civilization, we must also see that China is still a developing country and regional development is very different. While seeing the results, we should also see that the ecological environment is still grim, and the challenges facing ecological civilization construction are still very large. All localities should solve the problem of coordinated development of environment and development through balanced development and full development in accordance with the requirements of green development and high-quality development.
First, there are differences in the establishment of ecological civilization concepts in various regions. Because of different conditions and foundations, in developed regions, the concept of ecological civilization is entering a stage of self-confidence and self-consciousness, and environmental protection has become a social consensus. In some underdeveloped central and western regions, the concept of ecological civilization is still in the process of inculcation and spontaneous, and the pressure of environmental protection work is degraded. In terms of environmental co-governance, some local public participation levels are still low, and the participation model is single.
Second, the development of ecological civilization construction capacity is uneven. In some areas, the industrial structure is biased, the energy structure is biased, the industrial distribution is disordered, and the environmental resources carrying capacity is declining. It needs to be resolved in a long-term manner. In some central and western regions, economic and technological development is backward, environmental protection infrastructure construction is lagging behind, environmental pollution control and ecological restoration have a lot of historical debts, and the endogenous motivation of ecological civilization construction is insufficient, and it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of industrial transformation and upgrading and layout optimization. . In some areas, the traditional extensive development mode has not changed fundamentally, and the green development capability is poor. It is still developing a black economy and accepting the transfer of polluting industries in developed regions.
Third, the coordination capacity of environmental protection and economic development needs to be improved. Environmental protection can neither violate the law of environmental protection nor violate the law of economic development. However, some local environmental protection actions lack regional and regional flexibility, and have insufficient consideration of historical issues and realistic capabilities. In some places, there has been a “one size fits all†phenomenon in law enforcement.
Fourth, the investigation of environmental protection responsibility still needs to be strengthened. In some places, the phenomenon of covering the cover is relatively common. The environmental problems have the phenomenon of perfunctory rectification, surface rectification, and false rectification. Usually, there is no need to use force, and there are many problems of “one size fits all†after receiving supervision, and it is difficult to implement accountability.
Fifth, the systemic and coordinated nature of ecological civilization construction is insufficient. Some local reform documents did not take into account the actual situation at the grassroots level and the differences in financial capacity of local governments, and lacked implementability. Due to the different perspectives and methods, the reform documents issued by various departments have different scales, standards, methods and objectives.
Specifically, the following suggestions are proposed to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China:
In terms of ecological civilization construction policies and laws, we must strengthen systemic and coordination. It is recommended to formulate basic laws on the promotion of ecological civilization, to point out the direction for ecological civilization construction and reform from a macroscopic and systematic perspective, to make plans, to make demands, and to lead laws and regulations related to ecological civilization. It is recommended to further promote the reform of the ecological civilization construction system and form a joint force for ecological environmental protection and environmental pollution prevention and control in all aspects and at all levels.
In terms of the goal of ecological civilization construction, it is necessary to consider the development differences in various places. China's geographical area is vast, the gap between industry, region and urban and rural areas is still very large. The transition period of different industries is different. The ability and progress of transformation are different. Therefore, policies and goals must be both principled and consider the local economy. The difference in social development and the operability of guarantee measures. In accordance with the deployment of pollution prevention and control, we can formulate plans and assessment methods for each type of campaign, reasonably determine the overall goals and annual tasks, implement mid-term assessments and final inspections to ensure that ecological civilization construction achieves the desired results.
In the construction of an ecological civilization system, it is necessary to clear the blocking points and ensure the smooth operation of the system and mechanism. It is necessary to strengthen the regionalization of ecological environmental protection and the reform of the river basin regulatory system, embodying co-ordination and coordination, and organically combining with territorial supervision. We will fully implement the reform of the vertical management system, establish an environmental supervision system that is duty-free and exempt, overcome local protectionism and environmental protection formalism, and eliminate the phenomenon of fraud in ecological environment monitoring data.
In terms of the system and mechanism of ecological civilization, we must further strengthen innovation. On the basis of strengthening the supervision and post-mortem remediation system, it is necessary to strengthen the pre-preventive system construction, establish the planning environmental impact assessment system for industrial parks and development parks, and control regional environmental risk control and construction project environmental impact risks. Combine. It is necessary to innovate mechanisms, especially informationization, information disclosure, public participation, social supervision and public interest litigation mechanisms, and establish administrative measures such as administrative punishment, resignation, litigation acceptance and administrative accountability, or mechanisms for automatic initiation of administrative punishment. It is necessary to innovate the management model and adapt to the transformation needs of the ecological environment protection mode under the new situation through measures combining administrative control, market regulation, technical services and credit management.
In the aspect of ecological civilization, it is necessary to build a social action system for ecological environmental protection. For example, in terms of information disclosure, local governments at all levels have established templates for environmental information disclosure and conducted assessments. Strengthen business training, raise awareness of environmental disclosure laws and regulations for responsible persons in information disclosure, improve the management level of websites, and prevent the hollowing out and formalization of publicity and education networks in some localities. In terms of public participation, we will provide guidance to environmental protection social organizations and encourage local party committees and governments to cooperate with environmental protection social organizations through training, publicity, social investigation, technical services and supervision.
In terms of safeguards for ecological civilization, it is necessary to strengthen capacity building that is compatible with the needs of the work. In-depth development of the national ecological civilization missionary work, and strengthen the cultivation of the "key minority" ecological civilization concept. In light of the requirements of the reform of the ecological civilization system, we urge local governments to carry out "multi-regulation integration", regional space development and utilization layout optimization, urban and rural environmental protection infrastructure construction, etc., to achieve both the symptoms and root causes, and to promote better coordination of economic development in various localities and industries. And ecological protection.
Editor in charge: Cao
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