I. Material Specifications for Lime, Fly Ash, and Gravel Mix
The materials used in lime, fly ash, and gravel mix should meet specific standards to ensure proper performance and durability. Here are the key requirements:
1. Fly Ash
Fly ash should be a low-activity pozzolanic material with a combined content of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ exceeding 70%. It must have a loss on ignition at 700°C of less than 10% to ensure stability. When mixed with lime, it should exhibit hydraulic properties, contributing to the strength development of the mixture. The fineness of fly ash should allow 50% to 80% to pass through a 4900 mesh sieve, and its moisture content should be maintained between 15% and 20%.
2. Gravel
Gravel should be crushed and well-graded aggregate, with a maximum particle size not exceeding 40 mm. The stone should be of sufficient strength, meeting or exceeding Grade IV standards. It is important that the gravel is clean and free from excessive fines or organic impurities.
3. Lime
High-quality lime, such as Grade 1 to 3 quicklime or hydrated lime, should be used. The lime must be properly slaked and free from lumps to ensure even distribution in the mix.
4. Water
Clean, potable water with a neutral pH (between 6 and 8) should be used. The water must be free from oil, organic substances, and other contaminants that could interfere with the chemical reaction between lime and fly ash.
II. Mix Proportions of Lime, Fly Ash, and Gravel
The proportion of lime, fly ash, and gravel can vary depending on the project's requirements. Before starting construction, it is recommended to conduct trial mixes to determine the optimal ratio. Commonly used proportions include:
- Lime : Fly Ash : Gravel = 7 : 30 : 63 (Type I)
- Lime : Fly Ash : Gravel = 10 : 50 : 40 (Type II)
- Lime : Fly Ash : Gravel = 5 : 15 : 8 (Type I)
- Lime : Fly Ash : Gravel = 12 : 38 : 50 (Type II)
It’s important to use graded gravel rather than unprocessed rock to ensure better compaction and structural integrity. Always verify the quality of each component before mixing, and adjust the proportions based on site conditions and testing results. This approach ensures a strong, durable, and long-lasting pavement or base layer.
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