Abu Dhabi quickly developed from a small town with a population of less than 5,000 in the 1950s to a large city with a population of 650,000. Abu Dhabi and neighbouring satellite towns consume 350,000 m3/day of desalinated water. All waste water from the city is pumped to the only processing plant in Mafraq, which is about 40km away from the city center. The drainage engineering committee of the Abu Dhabi municipal government has been responsible for conceiving and implementing 100% sewage treatment in the area for nearly 25 years to achieve the strategy of water standards for irrigation parks, road landscapes, and forage pastures. In this way, Abu Dhabi has grown into a city of gardens without being restricted by high temperatures and little rain. The reused water should be supplemented with sand filtration and chlorine disinfection. About 200,000 m3/day of reuse water is transported to the city for irrigation of green landscape sites. The scale of irrigation water in green landscape sites has been expanded to such a degree that there is a shortage of reused water during the summer peak water use. As a result, the downstream drainage project is looking for ways to overcome water shortages, including more effective irrigation methods and water use. A small amount of plants and meadows. (Al Mazroui 2000)
Sharjah
Like Abu Dhabi, Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates also relies on desalinated seawater as the main water source. The desalinated water plant is built at the Al-Layyah power station and can produce 90,000 to 100,000 m3 of fresh water daily. Sharjah implemented an ambitious water reuse plan to expand its space for green landscapes. The Sharjah municipal government has constructed 500 hectares of green land, of which 150 hectares have been planted in the following two years. Parks, gardens and boulevards improve the local environmental conditions. The Sharjah sewage treatment plant has now been expanded to a water plant with a total treatment capacity of over 100,000 m3/day. The water plant operates with biological activated sludge treatment. The reclaimed water is treated in depth by gravity filter filtration and chlorine disinfection of the double sand filter and gravel. The return water pump is used to transport 3km to the highland livestock pond in Sammnan to meet the water pressure demand of the greenland irrigation network. (Cooper 2001)
Australian Rose Mountains Region
In the Ross Mountains area of ​​Australia, reuse water is used for residential water. This area is a new residential development in northwestern Sydney. It is planned that 300,000 people will eventually settle there. The first phase will build 35,000 homes for 100,000 people. It plans to build a secondary water network system to provide water for flushing toilets and watering gardens. The first part of the plan was to run water that could supply 10,000 houses in August 2001.
Australian Homebush Coast
The Homebush Coast in Sydney, Australia uses water for reuse. This coast is home to the Sydney Olympics. Up to 7000 m3/day of reclaimed water from rainwater and treated sewage is used to flush the bathroom of the competition site, to water open-air sports grounds, to water the gardens of 2,000 households and to flush toilets. Microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane treatment of the reuse water can obtain the desired water quality. This measure will reduce Sydney's freshwater supply by about 850,000 m3/year.
Adelaide's Mawson Lake District
Adelaide’s residential development in the Mawson Lakes region of Australia will provide 3,700 homes for 10,000 households, as well as a university and a commercial industrial zone. Sewage from the house is treated and used to flush toilets and irrigation landscapes. In addition, the house's rainwater is collected, treated, and reused for irrigation of lake water, residential water, and landscape land. The aquifer's storage and recovery functions facilitate the storage of additional recharged water in the winter and provide water during peak summer irrigation water use.
Industrial water reuse
Palo Verde Power Station, Arizona
Reclaimed water in Phoenix is ​​used for cooling water at the Palo Verde power station. The power station is located in the Sonoran Desert, 55km west of Phoenix, with an average annual rainfall of 175mm. The power output of the power station is 3,810 megawatts. The water supply for cooling water supply is about 250,000 m3/day.
Australian Eraring Power Station
In Australia, the reuse water from the Dora Creek Sewage Treatment Plant was pumped to the Eraring power station on the Lake Macquarie, 100km north of Sydney. The water was micro-filtered and reverse-osmosis membranes were advanced at the power station to reach the drinking water level, and then the water was further treated in the existing desalination plant. The purified water obtained was used for the boiler make-up water to provide steam for the power station turbine. Replacing water replaced 1 million m3/year of drinking water previously supplied by the town water supply system (Cole & Deans 1994).
Steel production
The recycled water is supplied to the steel plant to meet the water used in different processes, including cooling water, quenching of incinerator slag, and quenching of coke ovens. The expansion of the existing water reuse system at the existing Port Kembla ironworks in Australia, with a planned water volume of at least 35,000 m3/day.
Refinery
At the Chevron refinery in Richmond, Calif., reuse water from a municipal water zone is used as cooling process water.
Singapore's NEW water
The Singapore Public Utilities Bureau plans to use a 10,000 m3/day demonstration project for reused water to demonstrate the suitability of reused water, supply advanced processing and high-purity water to the high-tech and semiconductor industries, and adopt a two-film process of microfiltration and reverse osmosis. UV disinfection. According to the latest report, a project with a water volume of 45,000 m3/day is under construction. (to be continued)
Contract grade furniture is built to go the extra mile. It can hold up for everyday personal use or busy commercial usage for a crowd. The sturdy construction is designed to last for years ahead with strong performance. This furniture can roll with the punches and come out looking fabulous. Proof that strong is beautiful.
If you`re looking for a den or living room sofa that is durable and decorative, look for a sofa that has wooden legs and a steel frame. These come in vibrant colors that span the color wheel, so you have lots of options. There are also retro rounded sectional sofas that provide lots of seating all in one place. Friends can chill out in total comfort. Hang some abstract wall art over the sofa or sectional. This creates a very hospitable seating area for long conversations with friends. Artwork adds some pizzazz to the room whether it`s a contemporary painting, rustic canvas print or authentic real life portrait.
Side tables fit well beside a chair or sofa. Metallic and marble side tables are stunning and sturdy. They are convenient for resting a cup of coffee or a magazine. A metallic banded vase or a couple of funky Scandinavian vases would be super accessories on these side tables. Place dried corkscrew willow or lavender in the vases to add height. Dried arrangements last forever and are no maintenance. If you prefer, put fresh flowers in the vases with water and replace as needed.
The brass and concrete console is so retro and ideal for narrow hallways or tucked behind a sofa. Use a console to display framed photographs or artwork.Group the frames together with similar colors like all silver, all black or all brass. Mix and match for a more eclectic look. Vary the sizes for depth and interest. You can even frame leaves, shells or other pieces of nature for a splash of Mother Earth.
Outfit a bedroom with furniture that will last too. We have some awesome headboards at west elm including a low or tall leather grid-tufted style or a diamond tufted headboard with a performance velvet fabric covering. You`ll feel like royalty sleeping in one of these beds. A shimmery chandelier over the bed can turn your room into a castle`s bed chamber. Globe or crystal lights are stunning, as well as the sunburst type of chandelier. Consider adding a dimmer switch to control the amount of light you want.
Place a midcentury nightstand by your bed. Two drawers give you storage options for your reading glasses, flash drives and other bedtime essentials. Use a table lamp on the nightstand to aid with nighttime reading and computer work. Choose from brass and ceramic ginger jar lamps or shabby chic arc and pedestal lamps. Lamps are necessary for providing light, but they also make great decorative accessories. Step out of the box for something extraordinary.
Keep a high back chair or wide base chair in your bedroom for catching up on phone calls before bed or perusing a national newspaper. This is a great way to wind down before bed in the comfort of your room. A woven basket or wire bin can be situated by the bedroom chair as a catchall for reading materials. Store newspapers and journals, crossword puzzles and sudokus here for quick reference when you want to wind down. Baskets and bins keep items tucked out of the way for a neat and organized setting.
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