introduction
Cleaner production as a circular economy at the enterprise level is a win-win for both enterprise development and environmental protection. The clean production level index system is an effective tool to measure the level of clean production of enterprises. The purpose is to seek comprehensively analysis and assessment of the production status of enterprises, seek opportunities and ways to implement cleaner production audits, and improve the efficiency of the use of resources and energy by enterprises. Reduce pollutant emissions [1]. Glassware mainly refers to food products such as food bottles, beverage bottles, wine bottles, cosmetics bottles, medicine bottles, utensils, glass products, lighting fixtures, and other glass products. Glassware is in great demand in daily life, and the number of such companies and their capacity are also increasing year by year. Due to the high energy consumption and pollution of such enterprises, there is great potential for the implementation of cleaner production. Since 2004, energy has soared, and glassware companies have accelerated the process of building energy-saving kilns and promoting the use of energy-saving technologies. Energy-saving trends have become more apparent in the past two years. The in-depth development of cleaner production has an important role in protecting the company's energy-saving and pollutant emission reduction, and enhancing market competitiveness. The promotion of cleaner production must be measured by corresponding clean production indicators. After the work is quantified, it can directly reflect the performance of cleaner production in order to achieve continuous improvement; the research of cleaner production index system is aimed at glassware companies with higher energy consumption. It is of great practical significance to promote cleaner production. At present, the research on the clean production index system of glassware enterprises is rarely reported, so this paper discusses the problem to some extent.
1. Indicators Architecture Framework
1.1 Index Architecture
The index system uses a certain mathematical method to select certain indicators from the characteristics and performance of the objects to be evaluated to quantify them, and describes a set of systems formed in one aspect or the level or influence of the problems. In this paper, according to the characteristics of clean production of glassware enterprises and the requirements of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a hierarchical structure of 5 elements and 19 factors is established by top-down, layer-by-layer decomposition. The indicator system is divided into three levels. Each level selects the elements that reflect its main characteristics as evaluation indicators. The first level is the target level, indicating the level of cleaner production; the second level is the factor level, reflecting the main aspects of cleaner production; and the third level is the factor level, which specifies the indicators for cleaner production.
1.2 Index Selection Principles [2,3]
(1) Scientific and practical
The evaluation index system should reflect the main characteristics and problems of glass products companies, covering the goals of cleaner production and the extent of their realization. At the same time, the setting of indicators should be simple and practical.
(2) Comprehensiveness and representation
As an organic whole, the evaluation index system is the result of the comprehensive effect of various factors and should reflect all aspects of clean production. The main characteristics and status of the evaluated system are reflected from different perspectives, and those representative comprehensive indicators and key indicators are selected as far as possible.
(3) Comparability and acceptability
The indicator system should conform to the principle of comparability in time and space, use relative indicators and comparable indicators with common characteristics as much as possible, and also define the meaning, scope, and statistical criteria of each indicator. The indicators are clear and easy to understand and can be understood and accepted by companies and professionals.
(4) operability and conciseness
A clear calculation and presentation method should be given, taking into account the difficulty of data acquisition and other issues. Select a representative main indicator to avoid duplication. The indicator system setting should be simple and clear.
(5) Combination of qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators
The combination of the two can avoid simple qualitative or quantitative limitations. Qualitative is reflected in the use of questionnaire surveys or expert opinions, while quantification is directly related to data selection or simple calculations.
1.3 Selection of Indicators and Their Connotations
1.3.1 Selection of Indicators [3~5]
The evaluation system adopts a combination of qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators. It embodies the "3R" principle of circular economy and the characteristics of glassware companies. It strives to consider every link that may generate pollutants and evaluate the clean production level of glassware companies. (see picture 1).
1.3.2 Indication of indicators
Physical energy consumption index: Mainly refers to comprehensive energy consumption, electricity and fresh water consumption, soda ash consumption, etc. These indicators are small and excellent. Although land is also an important resource, its directivity is not clear and it is not considered; soda ash is selected as the most important supplementary material. Pollutant production indicators: Including production per unit of industrial COD, SO2, and industrial dust production. Indicator values ​​are small and excellent. Environmental management indicators: The environmental management system, industrial wastewater, waste gas treatment rate, and safe disposal and disposal rate of solid waste were selected, and the latter three indicators were greatly favored. Product Life Cycle Indicators: Mainly include total yield, ecotoxicity of raw materials and products, and product year durability. Resource recycling indicators: According to the resources available to enterprises in production, the industrial water recycling rate, reuse rate of recycled water, industrial waste gas (excess heat) and comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste are selected as evaluation indicators. The production volume of glass companies is mainly measured in weight boxes, so some of the indicators are also based on weight boxes.
2. Evaluation criteria [1,6-9]
The evaluation index needs the corresponding benchmark value as the standard and basis for the evaluation, so that the horizontal comparison can be performed. It is difficult to completely quantify clean production indicators. Different evaluation levels are determined for different indicators. Easily quantifiable indicators are selected as far as possible, and qualitative indicators are not easily quantified. See Table-1 for specific values ​​of each indicator.
Table-1 Evaluation Criteria for Cleaner Production of Glassware Enterprises
Index name
100
100 to 80
80~60
60 to 40
40～0
0
Unit output standard coal energy consumption (kg/weight box)
≤7
≤15
≤19
≤22
<32
≥32
Unit output fresh water usage (t/weight box)
≤ 0.2
≤1
≤
2
≤3.2
<4.8
≥ 4.8
Unit output electricity consumption (kwh/weight box)
≤2.5
≤5.5
≤ 6.5
≤ 7.6
<11.4
≥11.4
Unit production amount of soda ash (kg/weight box)
≤4
≤9
≤10.5
≤10.7
<16.1
≥ 16.1
COD emissions per unit of industrial wastewater
(g/weight box)
≤1
≤2
≤5
≤16
<24
≥24
Unit production SO2 emissions from industrial waste gas
(kg/weight box)
≤0.03
≤0.10
≤0.13
≤0.25
<0.38
≥0.38
Industrial dust output per unit of output
(kg/weight box)
≤ 0.02
≤ 0.06
≤0.15
≤0.45
<0.68
≥0.68
Environmental Management System
Very sound
sound
More sound
Not sound enough
Not sound
no
Industrial wastewater treatment rate ()
100
≥95
≥90
≥85
57
≤57
Industrial Waste Gas SO2 Treatment Rate ()
100
≥95
≥90
≥85
57
≤57 (to be continued)
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