Rice University has developed an ultra-thin flexible electric double layer capacitor (also called supercapacitor) with a thickness of only 0.2mm for wearable terminals, which is about 2cm in diameter. The output density representing the performance of the capacitor is 112 kW/kg, and the energy density representing the performance of the secondary battery is 384 Wh/kg, which is higher than that of the conventional electric double layer capacitor and secondary battery. The main material is porous nickel fluoride (NiF2), and the substrate is made of PET resin. After 1000 bending tests and 10,000 charge and discharge tests, the electrostatic capacity was reduced by 24%.
Film-type flexible electric double layer capacitor developed by Rice University (Photo: Jeff Fitlow/Lees University)
The electric double layer capacitor was developed by James Tour, a professor of chemistry at Rice University. The electric double layer capacitor has a structure in which a solid NiF2 layer (900 nm thick), a gold chromium (Au/Cr) layer as an electrode, and a PET substrate are sandwiched between the solid electrolyte sheets. The electrolyte is a material in which potassium hydroxide is added to polyvinyl alcohol.
Thin film flexible electric double layer capacitor developed by Rice University (Photo: Tour Group / Rice University)
In a rough production process, a Ni layer is first formed on a substrate, and after etching, a plurality of via holes having a diameter of about 5 nm are opened, and Ni is reacted to form NiF2. The substrate is then removed to sandwich the electrolyte with the electrodes.
The structure of the electric double layer capacitor released this time (Photo: Tour Group / Rice University)
Even after 10,000 charge and discharge cycles, no deterioration of the porous structure was observed, and the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte did not change greatly.
Surface of porous NiF2 (Photo: Tour Group / Rice University)
James Tour said, "This electric double layer capacitor is extremely simple in structure, but its output density and other properties are very good. It is ready for mass production and is in talks with many manufacturers."
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