A Brief Introduction to 50 Famous Designers in the 20th Century (IV)

Pininfarina (1893-1966) Pininfarina was born in Doolin and is the youngest of eleven children. When he was a child, he worked in his brother’s workshop. At the age of 17, he designed the body of the Fiat Zero. In 1920 Pininfani came to Detroit, but he refused Ford's job offer and returned to Italy. Pininfarina had a visit to Ford Motor Company's assembly line and was impressed, but he believes that Italy should take a different path. One is the United States mass production of cheap cars, the target market is the masses of the people, the other is High-end cars are only produced in small batches, maintain high prices, and maintain Italian traditional carriage production methods. Cars are semi-manual. After the war, he opened his own automobile factory and designed and produced advanced cars. It is hoped that a new production line will be opened in addition to Fiat's American mass production. The Sicily 202 car designed by Pininfarina in 1947 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York is known as the “Flowing Sculpture”. In 1951, Nash Company of the United States asked Pininfarina to design a variety of cars. This was the first time that the American car company hired European designers. After Pininfarina’s death, his son Sággia inherited his father’s estate and designed a series of Ferrari sports cars to become a representative work of Italian industrial design.

Henry Van de Velde (1863-1957) Weild is a Belgian architect and design educator. He has more influence in Germany than he does in his country. He once became the leader of the German Art Nouveau movement and the founder of the German Manufacturing Association. One of the people. He studied painting in Antwerp and Paris. From 1891 he under Morris under the influence of architectural design. When he was designing his home in Brussels, Yukler, he must be innovative in his search for "non-decorative forms". He must not use historical materials but rationally use materials and "appropriately" apply decorations to show the characteristics of items. With purpose. In 1897, he co-founded an "Industrial Art Decoration Workshop" in Munich and Dresden, Germany, and collaborated with artists and artisans to carry out design and production. In 1900 he was invited as an advisor to the Grand Duke Weimar. From 1906, he hosted the Weimar City Technical School (the predecessor of Bauhaus). He is also a design theorist and educator and is known as Maurice of continental Europe. Although he once claimed that the characteristics of all his crafts and decorative works come from a single source, "rationality." But on the other hand, they insisted on the designer's artistic personality and opposed the restrictions that standardization brings to the design. At the annual meeting of the German Manufacturing Alliance in 1914, he resisted Muttigius's standardization claims. This controversy in fact represents the focus of debate over German design aesthetics in the last century. In the end Mutthius had to give in, which also showed his influence in the German design community.

Poul Henningsen (1894~1967) Henningsen is a famous Danish designer and was born in Odrapu. He is regarded as Denmark's most outstanding design theorist. He studied at Copenhagen Technical School and Danish Institute of Technology. . In 1920, Henningsen became an independent architect in Copenhagen. In Nachang, he succeeded in designing the interior of several houses, factories, and two theaters. In addition, he also writes articles for several newspapers and periodicals, writes comics and writes poems for the theatre. According to his writing work, he is also a sharp social and architectural critic. Hanningssen’s famous work is a multi-shade lamp that he designed in 1924. This work was exhibited at the International Fair in Paris in 1925. Get a high rating and take a gold medal, this luminaire gets the reputation of "Paris Lamp". Hanningsen has maintained the exquisite design principle of "Paris Lamp" throughout his life. This type of luminaire was later developed into an extremely successful "PH" series of luminaires, which have so far sold well. The important features of the PH luminaire are: 1) All light rays reach the work surface after at least one reflection to achieve a soft, uniform lighting effect and avoid sharp shadows; 2) and no light source can be seen from any angle, so as not to Glare irritates the eyes; 3) Compensate the incandescent light spectrum to obtain a suitable light color. 4) Decrease the brightness of the edge of the lampshade and allow some light to escape to avoid the contrast of the indoor lighting. This kind of lamp not only has a high aesthetic value, but also because it is from the scientific principle of lighting, not because of any additional decoration, so the effect is very good, reflecting the distinctive features of Scandinavian industrial design.

Hans Wegner (1914~) Wiener was born in Odense, his hometown of Andersen. He graduated from the Copenhagen School of Arts and Crafts and is one of the greatest furniture designers of the 20th century in Denmark and the world. Like other Danish furniture designers, he is a skilled craftsman and has a deep understanding of the materials, texture, structure and craftsmanship of the furniture. This is the basis of his success. From 1946 to 1953 and from 1938 to 1942, he worked as a furniture designer in the architects of Jacobson and Moller. In 1943, he co-founded his own design office in collaboration with Morgenssen. In his long design career, the most famous design volume was an armchair designed in 1949 called “The Chair”, which made the dimension Na's design went to the world and became a classic Danish furniture design. His designs are rarely rigid, and corners are generally treated as sleek curves, giving people a sense of closeness. The design of the "chair" is such that it has smooth and graceful lines, exquisite details and elegant and rustic shapes. This kind of chair is still popular and has become one of the most imitated designs in the world. Wiener had devoted himself to the study of Chinese furniture in his early years. The series of "Chinese Chairs" designed in 1945 absorbed the essence of the Chinese Ming Dynasty chair. In 1947, he designed the "Peacock Chair" to be placed in the United Nations Building. Wiener is a tireless designer who has worked hard all his life. He was awarded the Royal Industrial Designer Honorary title by the Royal Academy of Art in London in 1959.

Sassoon (Sixten Sason, 1912~1967) Sassoon is a famous Swedish designer who came from a sculptural family. In the 1970s, he studied art at the Swedish Artists Association in Paris. Like many industrial designers, he began to study pure art and later became an engineer. This experience enabled him to combine aesthetics and technical requirements. In 1955, Sassoon and Sabah established a working relationship, responsible for the appearance and interior design of the company’s car. In 1945 he designed a streamlined car. , It has beautiful aerodynamic lines. In 1960 he designed the famous "99" salon car, which was put into production shortly after his death. This design uses a very advanced wedge body at that time, which perfectly combines the beautiful proportions with comfort and ease of operation. After the Second World War, Sassoon established its own design office and quickly won the praise of Swedish Pioneer Industrial Designers. His famous designs include household appliances and power tools designed for Husquina and a vacuum designed for Electrolux. Vacuum cleaners, etc. designed buses, trains, and locomotives for ASJ. He is also a design consultant for Haas photographic equipment module series. The well-known SLR camera he designed was introduced in 1940 and remained the same for the next few decades. Sassoon's superb skills in painting and engineering technology enabled him to design excellent designs with advanced technology and innovative ideas. He absorbed nutrition from the American streamline design in the 1930s, and the design language in the design was modern. ,

Jacobsen (1902 ~ 1971) Jacobsen is a famous Danish architect and designer who was born in Copenhagen. He first studied masons at the Technical School in Copenhagen and then studied architecture at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, 1927. After graduating, he worked for an architect office in the following three years and started his own architect office in 1930. Under the influence of modernism, he took the lead in the design of material properties and industrial production processes in practice, abandoning unnecessary tedious decorations. The icy stereotyped functionalism has become a refined and elegant form, one of the representatives of "new modernism", which is also a feature of Danish design. His works emphasize the scrutiny of details to achieve The overall perfection, he looked at the details of furniture, furnishings, flooring, wallpapers, lighting fixtures, windows and doors, etc. as important as the overall architecture and design of the building. Most of his designs were made for specific buildings, and thus with the interior The environment blends in. Jacobson designed three classic chairs in the 50's, an "ant's chair" designed for Novo in 1952, and a "swan" chair designed for Scandinavian Airlines in 1958. And the "egg" chair, these three kinds of chairs are all formed of heat-pressed plywood, with a sculptural beauty. His outstanding architectural designs include Catherine College of Oxford University designed from 1960 to 1963, and Copenhagen designed from 1956 to 1961. Scandinavian Airlines Hotel, etc. Jacobson designed a series of cutlery in the 1960s, emphasizing clean, powerful forms and using industrial materials to make the work elegant On behalf of the sense, become an outstanding representative of 1960s industrial design in Denmark. Jacobsen died in Copenhagen March 24, 1971.

Jacob Jensen (1926~) Jensen is a famous Danish industrial designer born in Copenhagen. From 1942 he worked as an interior decorator in his father's company and from 1948 to 1951 at the Copenhagen School of Applied Arts. After graduating, she worked in a designer office. In 1959, she went to the University of Illinois at Chicago to teach industrial design. In 1961, he started his own design office in Copenhagen. In 1963, he began to design products for B&O companies. Until 1993, B&O had almost all of the audiovisual products. Products are from the hands of Yan Sen. His design tends to "hard-edged art" style. It adopts industrial materials such as lapping stainless steel and plastics to make the fuselage. The shape is very simple and elegant, and it is easy to operate, pushing B&O's audiovisual products to the highest level of the international market. In addition, from 1979 to 1986, he also designed the famous "Logicar" for the Danish JP Group. In 1984, Max Rene of Denmark designed watches, accessories and cars. In 1991 and 1993, he designed a series of kitchen equipment for the German company Gaggenau. His design maintains a concise, elegant and lively style, which has blown a fresh atmosphere in the international industrial design community.

Verner Panton (1926-1998) Panton is a famous Danish industrial designer. He studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Art from 1947 to 1951. He worked at Jacobson's office and settled in Basel, Switzerland. Panton has created many expressive works in exploring the design potential of new materials. Since the late 1950s, he has started experimental studies on new materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastics and chemical fiber. In the 1960s, he cooperated with Miller Corporation of the United States in the development of an integrally formed glass fiber reinforced plastic chair, which was finalized in 1968. This chair can be molded once, has a strong sense of sculpture, the color is also very beautiful, so far