Analysis on the Printing Techniques of the "Qingming Shanghe Diagram" Stamp

"Qing Ming Shang He Tu" was chosen by Zhang ZDuan of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in the period of Emperor Huizong's Zhao Kuang era. The original is the collection of the Beijing Palace Museum in Beijing. It is a long scroll, and the painting is lightly colored. The frame is 24.8 cm high and 528 cm long.

In the market area along the Weihe River painted on the map of Qingming Shanghe, it can be seen that the development of the commercial economy and the luxury of the ruling class at the time of Jingjing (now Kaifeng) reflected the life of the urban residents at that time and highlighted the description. The different lives of two different people in the same environment. There are more than 550 characters in the full-scale picture. The boatmen, trackers, porters, coachmen, bearers, peasants, as well as small business hawkers, barbers, car repairers, etc., are all busy and diligent; and The bureaucrats, gentry, servicemen, merchants, and their families are not riding a donkey or sitting on a sedan chair. They are drinking and hanging around.

The picture of Qingming Shanghe Diagram has been drawn from the city to the outskirts, and Zhang Zeduan's creation of the Scenery of Qing Ming Shang He Tu is based on real scenes. He took in the inner and outer corners of the inner corner of the inner city of the eastern corner of the city. Scenery. There are both Weihe River and unique bridges and boats on the Weihe River, as well as the tall city gatehouse that represents the metropolis. These realities are typical and representative of the characteristics of commercial transportation and urban prosperity in Beijing. Sexual. In the outskirts, the painter referred to the scenery outside the Dongcheng Water Gate of the Outer City and boldly made a choice and made a reasonable composition. It skillfully combined the inside and the outside of the city to make the picture more general and more focused. The "Qing Ming Shang He Tu" is one of the greatest works of art in our country.

The State Post Bureau has already issued a plan for the "Ping Ming He Shang He Tu" stamp. The stamp manuscript has also been designed. However, it is necessary to condense such huge scenes with numerous characters into the square footage of the stamps, and it is easier to print them with engraving and intaglio printing techniques. Engraving, plate making, and printing have problems in the process equipment and process technology.

The Stamp Printing Bureau carefully studied and studied the sculptor and intaglio printing experts inside and outside the organization bureau. They all thought that if the design of the nine-link printing is used, the entire scroll of the “Changming River on the River” should be hand-carved and plate-making. It is too difficult and time-consuming. It is impossible to complete in the short term. Some people proposed to go to Kaifeng to search for the white-painted works of "The Qing Ming Shang He Tu Tu". I would like to replace the engraved line plate with a stroke of white lines. However, after I get a real object, the white-drawn picture is too rough, and the scenery is almost completely deformed and cannot be used at all. However, inspired by this, the idea of ​​making use of high-tech means and making efforts to change the original painting into a line drawing and then make a plate was born. As a result, the Bureau of Stamp Printing organized the excellent technical forces within the bureau, from the design of the artwork to the printing process, to the printing shop, and worked closely with the whole world. After repeated exploration and experimentation, the original painting was anatomically analyzed and the landscape was carefully and meticulously studied. The characters completely changed their paintings into line drawings on the basis of maintaining the original image features and expression styles, and then using high-tech equipment to make nine engraving intaglio plates. Except for the slightest modification on the edge of the postage stamp, the rest is basically the same as the original painting. The Printing Bureau of Stamps just in 2003 introduced a rubber-stamping overprint stamp printing machine from Switzerland. Its printing performance is excellent. The "Ping Ming Shang He Tu" stamp was produced on this new machine. The printing effect is clear and delicate, and this immortal painting is reproduced. The original appearance.

The picture of the stamp has its own unique rules. Its art is extremely general, and it is not intended to describe the internal poetic image of the picture. The Qingming Shanghetu stamp will be issued to the nation on October 18. Philatephiles may wish to arrange a 6-fold magnifying glass to watch the entire 9-piece stamp. When observing the details, you need to pay attention to see more for a while. The self will clearly show before your eyes. Each of these nine stamps can be viewed on its own, and nine stamps are linked together to form a complete panorama of the Qingming River. Observing the picture carefully, you will find that in the deep levels of stumps, roofs, parasols, and people's clothing, including Guoming characters and the bottom line of the picture, there are clear square grids and blank net walls. What's interesting is the center of the ninth picture. There are two people standing in the dialogue. One of the taoist-looking people, whose clothes and hats are all made up of neat grid walls, should be traces left by high-tech plate making.

The characteristics of the engraving and gravure printing of the Qingming Shanghe Diagram stamp are obvious, and the printing effect is very complete. Although the dotted line structure is not the traditional style of the engraving and intaglio, the lines are used quite richly. Different types of people and horses and horses have different dynamic descriptions. The depiction of branches, trunks, ships and bridges, and the depiction of the Weihe River's water flow have different methods for deep carving of houses and building roofs. , resembles the style of traditional Chinese woodcut paintings. Line printing is thick, full of weight, there is no shortcomings of broken flowers, even small text are printed clearly and completely. For offset printing, there are four yellowish-yellow, dark red, light brown, and grayish-green linings as the background for the engraving gravure. Among them, the hidden red is also used for stamps and seals for small ticket. Light brown is mainly used for shading and writing of small ticket. The craft design is very clever. But carefully pondering the picture, offset color is not enough bold enough, the background effect is a little flat. If the background color can change in some subtle levels, the hidden red on the ship is a bit deeper. In fact, there is no need to worry about overprinting, because the main outlines are all engraved in gravure, and even if some red overprints are inaccurate, it will not affect the overall effect. The gray-green in the river can also be slightly deeper and deeper and shallower, making the whole picture more fluctuating and changing, which may increase the dynamics of the entire picture and the beauty of mood and mood.

In terms of the overall effect, the design and printing of the Qingming Shanghe Tuji stamp was very successful, and it was an innovation in the engraving and gravure printing process. It is also a pioneering work in the history of China's stamp printing that such a long scroll of ancient ancient paintings was clearly and completely displayed. This is the result of outstanding historical paintings coupled with meticulous modern art design and high-tech printing techniques. It is a masterpiece of engraving gravure stamps. (Dong Chunqi)